Circulatory Data in Normal Subjects at Rest and During Exercise in Recumbent Position, with Special Reference to the Stroke Volume at Different Work Intensities

Holmgren, A.; Jönsson, Bengt; Sjöstrand, Torgny

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1960.tb01957.x

Cited by 190 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A normal response, as observed in our control group, should have been a small increase as reported unaniMOusly. 13 15,18,21,23,30 In patients with medium or large shunts, however, Q, determinations and thus estimation of stroke volume may have been inaccurate because only one sample of blood from the right atrium was used for determining oxygen content in mixed venous blood.3' However, this problem is of minor importance in group 1 subjects who had closed or minor defects. Furthermore, only marginal differences between exercise right atrial and pulmonary arterial oxygen saturations were observed in the control group (mean 2% units, range 0 to 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Supine exercise testing was performed on an Elema electrically braked bicycle, with the legs slightly elevated as described by Holmgren et al 13 The load during the study was Symptoms and PASP >30 mm Hg (2) No symptoms (2) History of bacterial endocarditis (2) Symptoms only (3) Minor (n 1) Dyspnea (1) Symptoms only (1) PASP pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. Closed oxygen uptake (ml/min) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (ml/min) between the aorta and pulmonary artery, and Q, (systemic flow, liters/min) was calculated from the oxygen uptake and arteriovenous oxygen difference between the aorta and right atrium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemodynamic findings at rest and during mild supine exercise in adults with isolated, uncomplicated ventricular septal defects.

Otterstad¹,

Simonsen²,

Erikssen³

1985

Circulation

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Fifty-two patients with isolated congenital ventricular septal defects (VSDs), studied for the first time at age 10 or older, were restudied an average of 16 years later (range 4 to 2 1 ). The than a left-to-right shunting7 8 at the ventricular level, as evidenced, for example, by a high incidence of valvular lesions. It was also observed that even in subjects with small shunts, normal pulmonary arterial pressure, and absence of complicating valvular disease, a subnormal physical performance was often observed. This finding provides the rationale for the present study of hemodynamics at rest and during mild supine exercise. The main objective was to assess whether this subnormal physical performance could be related to the fear of having a congenital heart disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic findings at rest and during mild supine exercise in adults with isolated, uncomplicated ventricular septal defects.

Otterstad¹,

Simonsen²,

Erikssen³

1985

Circulation

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“…During peak exercise, the athletes achieved a greater mean maximal heart rate (p < 0.01); this difference was probably related to differences in age and in motivation between the two groups, and is consistent with previous circulatory changes during exercise for athletes2 and for untrained subjects. 3 Of particular interest are the ventricular volumes during exercise. Although the exercise increase in cardiac output is related to increased heart rate and stroke volume,2 8-10 the actual mechanism responsible for the increase in stroke volume remains controversial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left ventricular function in trained and untrained healthy subjects.

Bar-Shlomo¹,

Druck²,

Morch³

et al. 1982

Circulation

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SUMMARY Left ventricular function was compared in 18 normal sedentary controls (mean age 28 years, range 22-34 years) and nine endurance-trained athletes (mean age 19 years, range 15-25 years) at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Gated radionuclide angiocardiograms were performed at rest and at each level of graded maximal supine bicycle exercise. Heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and the relative changes in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were assessed. Athletes attained a much greater work load than controls (mean 22.1 kpm/kg body weight vs 13 kpm/kg body weight). Both groups achieved similar increases in heart rate, blood pressure and ejection fractions. In the controls, the mean end-diastolic volume increased to 124% of that at rest (p < 0.02) during exercise and the mean end-systolic volume decreased to 81% of the rest level (p < 0.02). In contrast, the mean end-diastolic volume did not significantly change during exercise in the athletes, and the mean end-systolic volume decreased to 64% of rest (p < 0.05). Thus, although trained and untrained healthy subjects had similar increases in the left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, different mechanisms were used to achieve these increases. Untrained subjects increased end-diastolic volumes, whereas trained subjects decreased the end-systolic volumes. The ability of athletes to exercise without increasing preload may be an effect of training and might have important implications in reducing myocardial oxygen demand during exercise.ALTHOUGH the human left ventricular response to exercise has been the focus of many studies in the last several decades, the data on some aspects of this subject conflict. Until computer-assisted gated radionuclide cardiac angiography became available, accurate serial assessment of left ventricular volume at rest and during exercise was not technically possible.To address the question of normal left ventricular volume and ejection fraction response to exercise, we studied 18 healthy untrained subjects at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. We also studied nine endurance-trained athletes to determine whether exercise training alters the left ventricular response to exercise. Materials and Methods SubjectsThe study population consisted of 18 normal sedentary control subjects and nine endurance-trained

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“…Influence of sex, geographical origin, exercise method and position on Ppa Sex and the geographical origin of the data did not significantly influence resting and exercise P pa values (online data supplement, tables G-I) [13,14,16,18,19,29,35,39,43,47].…”

Section: Pulmonary Arterial Pressure During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review

Kovàcs

Berghold²,

Scheidl³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

906

639

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According to current guidelines, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is diagnosed when mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) exceeds 25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg during exercise. Issues that remain unclear are the classification of Ppa values ,25mmHg and whether Ppa .30 mmHg during exercise is always pathological.We performed a comprehensive literature review and analysed all accessible data obtained by right heart catheter studies from healthy individuals to determine normal Ppa at rest and during exercise. Data on 1,187 individuals from 47 studies in 13 countries were included. Data were stratified for sex, age, geographical origin, body position and exercise level.Ppa at rest was 14.0¡3.3 mmHg and this value was independent of sex and ethnicity. Resting Ppa was slightly influenced by posture (supine 14.0¡3.3 mmHg, upright 13.6¡3.1 mmHg) and age (,30 yrs: 12.8¡ 3.1mmHg; 30-50 yrs: 12.9¡3.0 mmHg; o50 yrs: 14.7¡4.0 mmHg). Ppa during exercise was dependent on exercise level and age. During mild exercise, Ppa was 19.4¡4.8 mmHg in subjects aged ,50 yrs compared with 29.4¡8.4 mmHg in subjects o50 yrs (p,0.001).In conclusion, while Ppa at rest is virtually independent of age and rarely exceeds 20 mmHg, exercise Ppa is age-related and frequently exceeds 30 mmHg, especially in elderly individuals, which makes it difficult to define normal Ppa values during exercise.

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Circulatory Data in Normal Subjects at Rest and During Exercise in Recumbent Position, with Special Reference to the Stroke Volume at Different Work Intensities

Cited by 190 publications

References 18 publications

Hemodynamic findings at rest and during mild supine exercise in adults with isolated, uncomplicated ventricular septal defects.

Hemodynamic findings at rest and during mild supine exercise in adults with isolated, uncomplicated ventricular septal defects.

Left ventricular function in trained and untrained healthy subjects.

Pulmonary arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review

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