Circulatory physiology and erythropoiesis in freshwater fish Labeo rohita experimentally parasitized by Argulus bengalensis

Abstract

Argulosis results into large scale economic loss at the tune of Rs. 29524.40 ± 2506.46 (mean ± SE; approximately 398.55 ± 33.83 US Dollar) per hectare of water area per annum in India (Sahoo et al., 2013). The disease is caused by the branchiuran genus Argulus which diversifies into some 127 described species (Boxshal & Hayes, 2019) inhabiting a variety of aquatic habitats and infecting different fish species. Incidence of argulosis is characterized by acute stress and mass mortality (Hemaprasanth et al., 2012;Saha et al., 2011;Saurabh et al., 2010) of the host fish. Haematophagy of Argulus spp. and their feeding apparatus are well documented by Tam et al. (2005), Saha et al. (2011) and very recently by AmbuAli et al. (2019).Haematophagy of the parasite depends upon individuals' accessibility to the vascularized area on the host body, about 10% of the parasites on the host body are found with blood meal in their gut at any instance (Saha et al., 2011). Extensive feeding activity of the parasite causes acute stress, retarded growth; leads to secondary infection (Ruane et al., 1999) and even death of the host fish. The observations made by Horton and Okamura (2003), Wagner and McKinley (2004), Jones and Grutter (2005) on haematological deterioration of fishes points towards their physiological relevance under different other parasitic stress. On the other hand, haemorrhagic stress and circulatory deterioration are known to induce erythropoiesis in

Primary stress response and biochemical profile ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized withArgulus bengalensis(Ramakrishna, 1951)

“…imbalance. An ionic imbalance was apprehended by Datta et al (2022) as a reason for erythrocyte swelling in Argulus-infested L. rohita. Loss of Na + confirms its contribution to the increase in Mean Cell Volume (MCV) of argulid-infested fish.…”

“…An elevated level of plasma epinephrine almost throughout the infestation period could be correlated with the development of tissue hypoxia. Very recently, Datta et al (2022) recorded an occurrence of oligocythemic macrocytic hypochromic anaemia and subsequent tissue hypoxia in L. rohita after experimental parasitization with A. bengalensis. It is known that extensive feeding activity of the parasitic morphs of Argulus results in circulatory deficiency and anaemia, which subsequently results in severe hypoxia.…”

“…However, physiological distress concerning blood parameters, thyroid hormones, plasma protein concentration and liver glycogen was evident in the host under infection of this haemoflagellate. Very recently, a comprehensive profiling of circulatory physiology and erythropoiesis of L. rohita under experimentally parasitized condition has been made (Datta et al ., 2022) to categorize the developed anaemia and to relate the stress physiology under Argulus infestation. Nonetheless, biochemical profiles of Argulus ‐infested fish are insufficiently documented in the existing literature (Saurabh & Sahoo, 2010) from a naturally infested condition and tried to understand the nonspecific immune status of L. rohita .…”

Circulatory physiology and haematopoiesis of Channa punctatus under piscicidal toxicity of Acacia auriculiformis pericarp

“…Thrombocytes showed a consistent increase in all the treated groups throughout the experimentation with an extreme condition in the T 3 group as a haemostatic mechanism to prevent blood loss due to branchial endothelial tissue damage. Jain (1986) reported that a reduction in eosinophil count may be a manifestation of toxic stress through stress hormone-sensitive cortisol production (Wojtaszek et al 2002;Datta et al 2021). Primary stress response with increased mucus secretion has been reported by Saha and Saha (2022a) in Channa punctatus under APP exposure.…”

An insight into the interaction between Argulus siamensis and Labeo rohita offers future therapeutic strategy to combat argulosis

“…To infect host, Argulus punctures the host skin, injects toxin and feeds on mucus and blood that cause a skin lesion (Saurabh and Sahoo 2010 ; Saha et al 2011 ). Further argulosis leads to causing cutaneous ulceration, immunological suppression, osmotic imbalance, abnormal swimming, haemorrhages, lowered growth rate, anaemia, growth impairment and secondary infection in freshwater fish (Sahoo et al 2012 ; Rahman et al 2019 ; Datta et al 2022a ). There are approximately 129 valid species of Argulus distributed worldwide in both freshwater (85) and marine water (44), except in Antarctica (Poly 2008 ).…”