2019
DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12385
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Cities are Not Products

Abstract: This paper reflects critically on city branding by building on Kavaratzis and Ashworth's 2005 article 'City branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick?' It discusses the relationships between urban geography and branding studies, and challenges the idea that cities may be considered as special kinds of products in need of specific branding techniques. This exercise entails reflection on the boundaries between the concept of branding and its potential relation with the commodif… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 33 publications
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“…Scholars of place and destination branding have also criticised destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in their superficial ways of equating places, culture and products, and exclusively focus on the tangible expressions of destinations, reducing the richness of the places as well as their cultures in the process (Kavaratzis and Ashworth, 2010; Scaramanga, 2012; Campelo et al , 2014; Vanolo, 2019). Kavaratzis and Ashworth (2015) discuss this disconnection between tangible and intangible culture and the hijacking of culture through superficial representations of material or tangible culture (Ashworth and Kavaratzis, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scholars of place and destination branding have also criticised destination marketing organisations (DMOs) in their superficial ways of equating places, culture and products, and exclusively focus on the tangible expressions of destinations, reducing the richness of the places as well as their cultures in the process (Kavaratzis and Ashworth, 2010; Scaramanga, 2012; Campelo et al , 2014; Vanolo, 2019). Kavaratzis and Ashworth (2015) discuss this disconnection between tangible and intangible culture and the hijacking of culture through superficial representations of material or tangible culture (Ashworth and Kavaratzis, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uno de los principales problemas identificados es que hay escasez de artículos, libros o capítulos de libros que hagan referencia a los términos "place branding" o "city branding"; (Vanolo, 2020) esto se puedo evidenciar con la búsqueda en la base de datos bibliográfica Scopus, al consultar los documentos publicados con la palabra "city branding" las bases de datos arrojó como resultado 501 artículos, al aplicar filtros por áreas de estudio (dejando sólo documentos de áreas de estudio como Administración, Negocios y Contabilidad; Economía, Econometría y Finanzas y Ciencias Sociales), y por tipo de documento (dejando sólo artículos académicos, libros y capítulos de libro) la disponibilidad de artículos se redujo a tan sólo 304 elementos disponibles.…”
Section: Resultados El City Branding Y Los Términos Conexosunclassified
“…A relação estreita entre a cidade, o consumo e as marcas intensifica-se e adquire novas nuances nas décadas mais recentes, com a mercantilização generalizada da sociedade, a crescente neoliberalização das políticas públicas e a difusão do branding e do marketing territorial. Mesmo se está longe de ser consensual que as cidades podem ser equiparadas a produtos (VANOLO, 2020), a verdade é que estas têm sido recorrentemente promovidas como uma mercadoria, e geridas de acordo com os princípios que estão subjacentes à gestão das marcas (ASHWORTH & VOOGD, 1990;KAVARATZIS & ASHWORTH, 2005;VANOLO, 2020). Hoje, são cada vez mais as cidades, as regiões e os estados que investem em campanhas de branding territorial para construírem as suas vantagens competitivas no mercado global, estabelecerem uma reputação de si mesmas (ANHOLT, 2010; SEVIN, 2014) e, em última análise, atraírem investidores, turistas e consumidores.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified