Cities of over a million people on the mortality map of Russia

Aleksei, Shchur

doi:10.17323/demreview.v5i5.10179

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This finding supports the idea that there is a strong polarisation between the healthier and wealthier ‘core’ and the ailing and impoverished ‘periphery’ 28 29. Our results are further supported by the findings of another important study for Russia, which showed that life expectancy differences have been increasing between the largest cities (with a population of more than one million people, n=13) and the rest of the country 30…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

New perspective on geographical mortality divide in Russia: a district-level cross-sectional analysis, 2008–2012

Timonin

Jasilionis

Shkolnikov³

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundPrior studies on spatial inequalities in mortality in Russia were restricted to the highest level of administrative division, ignoring variations within the regions. Using mortality data for 2239 districts, this study is the first analysis to capture the scale of the mortality divide at a more detailed level.MethodsAge-standardised death rates are calculated using aggregated deaths for 2008–2012 and population exposures from the 2010 census. Inequality indices and decomposition are applied to quantify both the total mortality disparities across the districts and the contributions of the variations between and within regions.ResultsRegional variations in mortality mask one-third (males) and one-half (females) of the inequalities observed at the district level. A comparison of the 5% of individuals residing in the districts with the highest and the lowest mortality shows a gap of 15.5 years for males and 10.3 years for females. The lowest life expectancy levels are in the shrinking areas of the Far East and Northwest of Russia. The highest life expectancy clusters are in the intercity districts of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and in several science cities. Life expectancy in these best-practice districts is close to the national averages of Poland and Estonia, but is still substantially below the averages in Western countries.ConclusionThe large between-regional and within-regional disparities suggest that national-level mortality could be lowered if these disparities are reduced by improving health in the laggard areas. This can be achieved by introducing policies that promote health convergence both within and between the Russian regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

New perspective on geographical mortality divide in Russia: a district-level cross-sectional analysis, 2008–2012

Timonin

Jasilionis

Shkolnikov³

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…The difference between the maximum life expectancy rates (Moscow) and the minimum ones (Kologrivsky district of the Kostroma Region) adds up to 15 years. In many ways, such a large difference is due to a special position of Moscow on the «mortality map» of the Russian Federation, which, according to available research (Shchur, 2018), demonstrates such dynamics in life expectancy that no other Russian million-plus city has ever shown since the beginning of the XXI century.…”

Section: Research Results and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population mortality in the central Russia municipalities

Fattakhov¹,

Mironova²

2022

POPECON

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The Central Federal District (CFD) is the most populous district in Russia, as of the beginning of 2021, 27% of the Russian population lived out there. However, the CFD mortality rate is characterized by a significant variation across different territories of the District. The purpose of this study is to assess the CFD territorial differentiation of mortality rate based on life expectancy with a breakdown on municipalities in 2010-2019. Life expectancy by CFD municipality and urban district was based on information about population size of the CDF municipalities and urban districts, obtained from the database on municipalities for the period 2010-2020 and individual non-personalized Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) data on cause-of-death mortality. A total of 326 municipalities and 63 urban districts were included in the analysis. A total of 11.5 thousand life tables were developed. The analysis shows a significant differentiation of mortality rate at the municipal level. Even though the CFD life expectancy is above the Russian average mainly due to high levels of life expectancy in Moscow, the vast majority of the CFD municipalities report a life expectancy below the Russian average. The worst situation with mortality in the CFD is developed in municipalities with a population of less than 10 thousand people. The main factor for a high gap in life expectancy across territories and gender is a high male mortality in working ages. There are significant reserves of for life expectancy growth within the CFD. These reserves are concentrated in the regional capitals with adjacent municipalities, as well as other large municipalities with a population over 100 thousand people.

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“…The study period was characterized by a significant decline in mortality. Life expectancy began to gradually increase from the mid-2000s onwards, initially in the capital and in the largest cities (Shchur, 2019;Shchur et al, 2021). As a result, a substantial geographic and hierarchical disparity in mortality had emerged by 2010 (Timonin et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Variations In Excess Mortality By Settlement Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that urban heat island effects are most pronounced in densely populated urban areas, it was anticipated that the largest increases in death rates would be observed in the largest cities and their surrounding agglomerations. Conversely, "core-periphery" inequalities, which have been linked to substantial spatial disparities in life expectancy, particularly in Russia by the end of the first decade of the 21st century (Shchur, 2019;Shchur et al, 2021), might have reversed the expected outcomes. During that period, rapid advancements in public health and health-conscious behavioural changes in Russia primarily occurred in the most populated urban areas, and had limited impacts on peripheral cities and rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–rural differences in mortality during the 2010 heatwave in European Russia

Maksimenko,

Timonin,

Shartova

et al. 2024

Populationyearbook

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The 2010 summer heatwave in European Russia led to a notable increase in mortality due to extreme heat and associated wildfires. However, the diverse settlement patterns and the uneven impact of the heatwave in European Russia have left many geographical aspects of this event unexplored. For instance, the variations in excess mortality between major cities and smaller urban and rural areas remain unclear. According to our findings, during the 27–33 weeks of 2010, the total number of excess deaths was estimated at 56.0, with nearly 20% of them concentrated in Moscow. The age-standardized mortality rate in cities with more than one million inhabitants exceeded the expected values by 52% during the heatwave, while the excess mortality rate in rural areas was only 17%. The geographical area experiencing the highest excess mortality rate aligned with the zone of the greatest heatwave extent, as indicated by deviations from the climatic norm in temperatures and other measures of thermal stress. The risk of death from this increase in thermal stress more accurately represented by the Heat Index was found to be substantially higher in larger cities of 500,000 or more inhabitants, with the risk of death being especially high in major cities. Notably, air pollution was not found to be a significant modifier of excess mortality. It is important to note that the results obtained may have been influenced by the use of raster-based data from climate reanalysis, which may be expected to underrepresent local urban heat island effects, and consequently to underestimate risk exposure in urban areas.

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Cities of over a million people on the mortality map of Russia

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

New perspective on geographical mortality divide in Russia: a district-level cross-sectional analysis, 2008–2012

New perspective on geographical mortality divide in Russia: a district-level cross-sectional analysis, 2008–2012

Population mortality in the central Russia municipalities

Urban–rural differences in mortality during the 2010 heatwave in European Russia

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