“…Thus, for example, Zimmerman and Rappaport (1988), in a study of community residents working in voluntary organizations, linked participation in community organizations with a subjective sense of empowerment, as measured by 11 indices representing cognitive, personality, and motivational components. These components included, respectively, self-efficacy and political efficacy expectations; internal locus of control, chance control, belief in powerful others, and control ideology; and desire for control and civic duty.…”