Citogenética comparativa de Physalis peruviana en tres poblaciones cultivadas de Cajamarca, Perú

Abstract

En este trabajo se caracteriza y compara citogenéticamente Physalis peruviana “aguaymanto” de poblaciones cultivadas de la región Cajamarca: San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba. El número cromosómico más frecuente en las tres poblaciones fue 2n = 4x = 48 con frecuencias de 60, 50 y 34% en las poblaciones de San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba respectivamente. En menor frecuencia se encontró casos de aneuploidía somática. Los resultados permitieron distinguir cada población a partir de su fórmula cariotípica 17m+4sm+3t, 24m y 20m+2sm+2t que identifican a San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba respectivamente. Los cariotipos fueron caracterizados por la longitud total del complemento haploide (HCL) y los índices de simetría (S%), asimetría (A) y asimetría intra e intercromosómica (A1 y A2). El mayor valor de HCL se describió en San Pablo. Celendín presentó el mayor grado de simetría (S%= 53.226 y A= 0.177), mientras que los cariotipos de San Pablo y Cajabamba fueron descritos como los más asimétricos. Se concluye que la condición más frecuente es la tetraploidía; aunque se evidencia diferente morfología cromosómica entre los cariotipos de las tres poblaciones.

Nuclear DNA content and comparative FISH mapping of the 5s and 45s rDNA in wild and cultivated populations of Physalis peruviana L.

“…We modified the protocols described by Aguilera et al (2016), Aliyeva-Schnorr et al (2015, and Carbajal et al (2021) in order to obtain mitotic metaphase chromosomes. Goldenberry seeds were germinated, and roots with an approximate size of 4 mm were treated with 0.03 percent colchicine for 80 minutes at room temperature before being submerged in distilled water for 60 minutes at 37 °C and fixed in an ethanol solution: acetic acid (3:1) at -20 °C for at least one day.…”

“…Furthermore, for future complex genomic projects such as cloning of genes of interest or genome sequencing, genome size data is essential to design effective projects (Doležel et al 2007). Most cytogenetic studies in Physalis peruviana L. have used classical staining techniques to determine the chromosome number, where 2n=48 predominates (Rodríguez and Bueno 2006;Sánchez 2014;Liberato et al 2014;Trevisani et al 2018), while other studies report mixoploid plants (Sánchez 2014), and somatic aneuploidy (Carbajal et al 2021). Karyotypic formulas of some populations have been previously reported (Azeez and Faluyi 2019;Carbajal et al 2021).…”

“…Most cytogenetic studies in Physalis peruviana L. have used classical staining techniques to determine the chromosome number, where 2n=48 predominates (Rodríguez and Bueno 2006;Sánchez 2014;Liberato et al 2014;Trevisani et al 2018), while other studies report mixoploid plants (Sánchez 2014), and somatic aneuploidy (Carbajal et al 2021). Karyotypic formulas of some populations have been previously reported (Azeez and Faluyi 2019;Carbajal et al 2021). However, since goldenberry chromosomes are small, numerous, and have similar morphology, the karyotype determination and its analysis are considered limited when classical staining techniques are used.…”

Nutritional and antioxidant profile of the Physalis fruit grown in three Andean regions of Peru

“…In Peru, there are four ecotypes from the Cajamarca region [38], and they constitute the genetic basis of the world's commercial crops. In Peru, P. peruviana is distributed in the Yunga and Quechua regions (2000 and 2500 meters above the mean sea level, respectively) [9], and the agricultural production areas are Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca (main producing area), and Cusco [37].…”

“…peruviana is one of the "Superfoods Peru" because of its important nutritional properties and health benefits, which has boosted its agricultural production for export. Recently, studies on the genetic characterization and molecular cytogenetics of fruits grown in Peru have been conducted [9,38] to understand the biological and genetic diversity of this species. However, there are only a few studies that refer to the chemical composition and nutritional and antioxidant capacity of P. peruviana cultivated in Peru [20,25].…”