Citrinin mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens

Mycotoxicoses produced in ducklings and Turkeys by dietary and multiple doses of Citrinin

“…Such clinical signs of citrinin mycotoxicosis as observed here were similar to those previously described by us and others in turkeys and ducklings (Mehdi et al, 1983), and in chickens (Mehdi et al, 1981;Ames et al, 1976;Robert and Mora, 1978;Nelson et al, 1980;Gustavson et al, 1981).…”

“…Thus, Ames et al, (1976) found that reduced body weight gains in broiler chickens were probably due to decreased feed consumption as the group fed 500 parts/10 6 citrinin consumed 18% less feed than controls. Body weight gain reduction was greater in ducklings fed citrinin than that observed in broiler chickens fed the same concentration (Mehdi et al, 1981). Renal lesions were observed in ducklings but were not found in chickens fed citrinin and the nephrosis may have contributed a portion of the reduction in body weight gains of the ducklings.…”

“…The preparation of citrinin and the establishment of its identity and purity were by described procedures (Mehdi et al, 1981;Mehdi et al, 1983). Citrinin was dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) -70% ethanol (3:1, v/v) for gavage administration.…”

“…Thus, the severity and distribution of the renal lesions in ducklings fed citrinin were unexpected, as chickens fed 100, 250 and 500 parts/ 10 6 dietary citrinin did not have renal lesions (Mehdi et al, 1981) and both the single (Mehdi et al, 1983, in press) and multiple oral doses of citrinin (Trial II) produced either no lesions or only mild tubular changes often limited to the medullary regions and a few distal convoluted tubules.…”

“…Few of the birds died and none had nephrosis when the kidneys were examined. Cumulative toxic effects after multiple doses of citrinin have not been found in broiler chickens (Mehdi et al, 1981) or guinea pigs (Thacker et al, 1977), mice (Jordan et al, 1977), and rats (Jordan et al, 1978). A possible mechanism for the development of tolerance to multiple oral doses of citrinin may be the induction of enzymes for citrinin detoxification (Jordan et al, 1977).…”