Citrus Carotenoids. I. Comparison of Carotenoids of Mature‐Green and Yellow Lemons

Yokoyama, Hidekatsu; Vandercook, Carl E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1967.tb01954.x

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The accumulation of upstream carotenoids, such as phytofluene and -car, was reported previously in lemon (Yokoyama and Vandercook, 1967;Gross, 1987). Recently, a mutant Pinalate orange, which has a distinct yellow fruit instead of the typical orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), was characterized (Rodrigo et al, 2003).…”

Section: Phy Accumulation and Gene Expression During The Orange Stagesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In this mutant, linear cars (phy, phytofluene, and -car) had accumulated. In lemon fruit of the present study, we observed a high level of phy rather than phytofluene, which was high in previous reports (Yokoyama and Vandercook, 1967;Gross, 1987; Fig. 2).…”

Section: Phy Accumulation and Gene Expression During The Orange Stagesupporting

confidence: 66%

“…showed light yellow color in the flavedo and juice sacs. This light coloration was primarily because of a small concentration of total carotenoids, which was much lower than that in navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck; Yokoyama and Vandercook, 1967). Thus, Satsuma mandarin (variety accumulating ␤-cry), Valencia orange (variety accumulating violaxanthin), and Lisbon lemon (variety accumulating small amounts of carotenoids) are useful experimental materials to investigate the molecular mechanism regulating carotenoid concentration and composition in fruit because the carotenoid profiles in mature fruit were much more diverse among these three citruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

et al. 2004

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The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase (CitPSY), phytoene desaturase (CitPDS), ζ-carotene (car) desaturase (CitZDS), carotenoid isomerase (CitCRTISO), lycopene β-cyclase (CitLCYb), β-ring hydroxylase (CitHYb), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase (CitZEP), and lycopene ϵ-cyclase (CitLCYe) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from β,ϵ-carotenoid (α-car and lutein) accumulation to β,β-carotenoid (β-car, β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of β,ϵ-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb, and CitZEP) led to massive β,β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive β,β-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS. Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in β,β-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of β-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, and CitLCYb) and downstream synthesis genes (CitHYb and CitZEP).

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Section: Phy Accumulation and Gene Expression During The Orange Stagesupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Phy Accumulation and Gene Expression During The Orange Stagesupporting

confidence: 66%

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confidence: 91%

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Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

et al. 2004

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“…showed a light yellow color in the flavedo as well as juice sacs. This light coloration was primarily due to the low concentration of total carotenoids, which was much lower than in sweet orange, such as Navel orange (Yokoyama and Vandercook, 1967). Thus, Satsuma mandarin (variety accumulating β-cryptoxanthin), Valencia orange (variety accumulating violaxanthin), and Lisbon lemon (variety accumulating small amounts of carotenoids) are useful experimental materials to investigate the molecular mechanism regulating carotenoid concentration and composition in fruit because carotenoid profiles in mature fruit were much more diverse among these three citrus varieties.…”

Section: Carotenoid Biosynthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Carotenoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit

Kato

2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Citrus is a complex source of carotenoids with the largest number of carotenoids found in any fruit. Carotenoid concentration and composition vary greatly among citrus varieties. Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) predominantly accumulates β-cryptoxanthin in the juice sacs. Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) predominantly accumulates violaxanthin isomers in the juice sacs. Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.) accumulates low level of carotenoids in the juice sacs. To elucidate the carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit maturation, the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism was investigated in the three citrus varieties exhibited different carotenoid profile. The results showed that the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation is highly regulated by the coordination of the expression for the genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism in both flavedo and juice sacs. 'Tamami' is a hybrid between 'Kiyomi' tangor (Citrus unshiu Marc. × Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and 'Wilking' mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour. × Citrus deliciosa Ten.). To elucidate the mechanism of the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in 'Tamami', a variety accumulating higher β-cryptoxanthin than Satsuma mandarin, the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism was investigated in the juice sacs of 'Tamami'. The results showed that the mechanism of β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in 'Tamami' was similar to that in Satsuma mandarin. Furthermore, in the recent studies, possible factors, which regulate carotenoid concentration and composition in citrus juice sacs were investigated in vitro.

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“…Por ejemplo, mientras que en manzanas los carotenoides son inmediatamente esterificados conforme se sintetizan (Knee, 1988), en pimientos la esterificación de xantofilas se inicia con la maduración, de forma que en los frutos maduros están total o parcialmente esterificados (Hornero-Méndez et al, 2002). En cítricos, el total de xantofilas varía según la variedad y el tejido, en naranjas y mandarinas el contenido de xantofilas esterificadas es de 60% y 86% en flavedo y pulpa, respectivamente, mientras que en limones es sólo el 5% (Yokoyama y Vandercook, 1967;Eilati et al, 1972;Gross, 1987).…”

Section: B B Acumulación De Carotenoides En Frutosunclassified

Biosíntesis de Carotenoides durante la Conservación Postcosecha de Frutos Citricos

López¹,

Lourdes²

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AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar quisiera dar las gracias a mis dos directores, los DoctoresLorenzo Zacarías y Mª Jesús Rodrigo, por brindarme la oportunidad de realizar este trabajo, por todo lo que me han enseñado y aportado en estos años y por estar ahí como dos campeones aguantando el chaparrón que les cayó conmigo. Muchas graSias!!!! Por supuesto, al que en su momento era el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, sin cuyo aporte económico tampoco hubiese sido posible.Agradecer también a Miguel Sabater, por dejarme sus maravillosas 'Navelinas' y al Dr. José L. Navarro, por prestarme el resto de los frutos utilizados en esta Tesis, permitirme realizar experimentos en su campo y mantenerme informada del R. Betis Balompié. A Sonia Rodríguez, responsable del extraordinario servicio de proteómica del IATA, muchas gracias por 'currarte' tanto el protocolo de extracción (Felicidades por la nena!!!). A la que fue mi tutora, Ajo, que estuvo atenta de toda la burocracia en todo momento, a la que es ahora mi nueva tutora, Nuria Martínez y a Juan Rodríguez del Departamento, por su ayuda y disponibilidad, muchas gracias por facilitarme el proceso.A mis compañeros y, sobre todo, amigos con los que he tenido la suerte de compartir buenos momentos (y no tan buenos…), y de los que me siento muy orgullosa de haber conocido… A mi Mona y a Beatriz, por estar ahí al comienzo (sólo ellas saben lo duro que fue), por apoyarme,… Mona, gracias por ejercer de hermana mayor y por tantas otras cosas…, pero sobretodo por quererme como sé que me quieres. A la ya 'dotora Ber' (que mayor eres eh??) por enseñarme 'cositas guays' y más y más y más…, por querer compartir a Dioni y estar siempre ahí, ya estoy aquí... Belén, gracias por tu paciencia, yo no hubiera podido... nos vemos en BCN! A la Dra. Lluch, por sus escasos pero muy buenos ratos compartidos. A los que fueron mis hombres del lab, Santi, Aníbal y Alberto, por los buenos momentos y por los bailoteos! Y al hombre de mi casa, Mario, por su santa paciencia para aguantarme tanto tiempo dentro y fuera del lab… (y porque es el único valenciano que conozco que se ríe con el 'gulifriski'). Por supuesto, agradecer a mis compañeros 'nuevos' que les tocó soportarme en esta última etapa, a Pacorro, el hombre del 004, por hacerme el 'Homer' como nadie y porque sé que soy su 'flor de primavera'. A mi guaca particular, Eleo, y a Moni, la supermamá, gracias por estar ahí, sólo os digo que YAP estoy aquí!!! A Pilarseta por darle vida al 004 y porque 700 mL, no son nada para ella... Por supuesto al resto de postcosecha… A los 'jefes', Tere, Luis y Jose, por su gran comprensión, infinita paciencia y Agradecimientos confianza que han puesto en mí,... Y a las 'jefas' porque sin ellas el lab no iría a ningún lado… Amparo, muchas gracias por las extracciones de carotenoides. Ana I. por tus conversaciones a lo bajini. A Lolita y Mª José, por mimarme, alegrarme las mañanas, traerme 'xuxerías'… pero, sobre todo, por vuestro cariño.Al resto de personal del IATA, a los del almacén, secretaría, seguridad… que direc...

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Citrus Carotenoids. I. Comparison of Carotenoids of Mature‐Green and Yellow Lemons

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

Mechanism of Carotenoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit

Biosíntesis de Carotenoides durante la Conservación Postcosecha de Frutos Citricos

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