CitrusVol Validation for the Adjustment of Spray Volume in Treatments against Tetranychus urticae in Clementines

Fonte, Alberto; Garcerá, Cruz; Tena, Alejandro; Chueca, Patricia

doi:10.3390/agronomy10010032

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Additionally, in the few samplings where significant differences were found, mechanical pruning had a significantly lower pest level than manual pruning. The values of percentage of fruit damaged by T. urticae were similar to those found in other nearby clementine orchards in previous years 45 . In general, most of the damaged fruit was internal fruit, and most of the damage was light, with which fruit can be marketed fresh, regardless of the pruning strategy and in the 3 years of experiment, although most notably in the last year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The highest percentage of damaged fruit inside the canopy could be a consequence of the fact that, in the PPP applications, the interior of the canopy receives a lower spray coverage than the outer part of the canopy, as usually happens in citrus applications. 45,46 Regarding A. aurantii, there were no statistical differences between pruning strategies during the 3 years studied. In addition, the number of scales per fruit at harvest in the experimental Note: Mean value with standard error in parenthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins

Fonte

Garcerá

Chueca

2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundIn Spain, citrus pruning is usually done by hand, although mechanized pruning is gradually being introduced as a cheaper alternative. The pruning strategy affects the pattern and intensity of sprouting, and the canopy characteristics, and therefore could affect pest control. In this study, the effect of three pruning strategies on the incidence of key citrus pests was analyzed: manual, mechanical (with hedging and topping) and no pruning (control). In a commercial clementine orchard, sprouting, pest density and fruit damage were evaluated through three seasons.ResultsOutside the canopy, mechanically pruned trees had a significantly higher number of shoots, and more shoots were attacked by aphids (cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and spirea aphid, A. spiraecola) in comparison with manual or control strategies. Inside the canopy statistically nonsignificant differences were found between strategies. Regarding the pest level of two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, in general, no significant differences were found between pruning strategies, and in some cases mechanical pruning resulted in a lower level of these pests and fruit damage than manual pruning.ConclusionThe density of aphids, which are pests associated with sprouting, was affected by the pruning strategy. However, the densities of T. urticae and A. aurantii and the level of damaged fruit were unaffected. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins

Fonte

Garcerá

Chueca

2023

Pest Management Science

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“…In summer, under Mediterranean conditions, T. urticae colonies are preferably located on the underside of the citrus leaves, where they are protected with silk threads. The mite feeds on the content of the epidermal and parenchyma cells of the leaves [12]. As a result of their feeding, they cause discolouration and desiccation, which in most cases is manifested by chlorotic (yellowish and rarely brown) spots and bulges on the upper side of the leaves [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Detection of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Citrus Leaves Based on Colour and VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging

et al. 2021

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Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important citrus pest that produces chlorotic spots on the leaves and scars on the fruit of affected trees. It is detected by visual inspection of the leaves. This work studies the potential of colour and hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) under laboratory conditions as a fast and automatic method to detect the damage caused by this pest. The ability of a traditional vision system to differentiate this pest from others, such as Phyllocnistis citrella, and other leaf problems such as those caused by nutritional deficiencies, has been studied and compared with a more advanced hyperspectral system. To analyse the colour images, discriminant analysis has been used to classify the pixels as belonging to either a damaged or healthy leaves. In contrast, the hyperspectral images have been analysed using PLS DA. The rate of detection of the damage caused by T. urticae with colour images reached 92.5%, while leaves that did not present any damage were all correctly identified. Other problems such as damage by P. citrella were also correctly discriminated from T. urticae. Moreover, hyperspectral imaging allowed damage caused by T. urticae to be discriminated from healthy leaves and to distinguish between recent and mature leaves, which indicates whether it is a recent or an older infestation. Furthermore, good results were achieved in the discrimination between damage caused by T. urticae, P. citrella, and nutritional deficiencies.

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“…The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) by water users associations (WUAs) contributes to the mitigation of climate change from several aspects, including the reduction of the water footprint [1][2][3] and energy consumption. Several wireless communication systems have been employed in these systems, such as long-range (LoRa) [4], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of a Traditional Irrigation System of Micro-Plots to Smart Agri Development: A Case Study in Murcia (Spain)

Chazarra-Zapata

Parras-Burgos

Arteaga³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Currently, water users associations (WUAs) in semi-arid areas of southeastern Spain (Murcia region) send a multitude of data supplied by sensors in the field to the cloud. The constant technological revolution offers opportunities for small farms not to be abandoned, thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT). This technology allows them to continue to manage remotely using smartphones/tablets/laptops. This new system contributes to the mitigation of climate change from several aspects: reduction of water footprint and energy consumption (in the pumps that pressurize the grid, such as in the optimization of the proposed solution, by using batteries that communicate in low radiation of electric and magnetic alternating fields (LoRad), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), or clean energy). The analysis of these data and the incorporation of new IoT technologies facilitate the maintenance of green roofs and ensure the continuity of these farms. The direct benefit obtained is remarkable CO2 removal that prevents desertification by the abandonment of arable land. This communication shows the implementation of a Smart Agri system in areas with micro-plots (surface less than 0.5 ha) with low-cost technology based on long-range (LoRa) systems, easily maintainable by personnel with basic knowledge of automation, which transforms into a very interesting solution for regions with development roads. In addition, complex orography and difficult access are added in both physical and technological environments. The main technical limitations found in such plots are poor coverage for mobile phones and unworkable and expensive implementation by wiring or WiFi/radio systems. Currently, thanks to the Smart Agri system implemented in this WUA in Murcia, farmers can manage and control the irrigation systems in their plots from home. Then, they cannot lose their crops and respect the isolation conditions imposed by the Spanish government as a result of the alarm caused by COVID-19.

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CitrusVol Validation for the Adjustment of Spray Volume in Treatments against Tetranychus urticae in Clementines

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins

Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins

Automated Detection of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Citrus Leaves Based on Colour and VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging

Adaptation of a Traditional Irrigation System of Micro-Plots to Smart Agri Development: A Case Study in Murcia (Spain)

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