City-scale decarbonization experiments with integrated energy systems

Chalendar, Jacques A. de; Glynn, Peter W.; Benson, Sally M.

doi:10.1039/c8ee03706j

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Here, the fairness is de ned as an equilibrium where all sectors involved in the supply chain achieve an acceptable or 'fair' allocation of total supply chain pro t. Fig. 1(c) illustrates a DES where the design optimisation model derives the cost-optimal solutions for DES energy network design, system con guration design, and dispatch strategy [31][32][33] equipped with new or retired batteries for 20-year project lifetime. Beyond the typical "renewable + storage" system, we investigate system implications of utilising either new or retired batteries on the generalized DES design.…”

Section: Model Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging supply chain of utilising electrical vehicle retired batteries in distributed energy systems

Jiang

Wang

Shah

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Increasing electric vehicles (EV) penetration leads to significant challenges in EV battery disposal. Reusing retired batteries in distributed energy systems (DES) offers resource-circular solutions. We propose an optimisation framework to model the emerging supply chains and design strategies for reusing the retired EV batteries in DES. Coupling a supply chain profit-allocation model with a DES design optimisation model, the framework maximises the whole chain profit and enables fair profit distribution between three interactive sectors, i.e., EV, DES, dismantling and recycle (D&R) sectors. Our research highlights the system implications of retired batteries on DES design and new modelling insights into incentive policy effectiveness. Our case study suggests significant potential value chain profits (2.65 million US$) achieved by deploying 10.7 MWh of retired batteries in the DES application with optimal retired battery price of 138 US$/kWh. The revenue support on D&R sector is suggested as a promising incentive scheme than tariff support.

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Section: Model Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging supply chain of utilising electrical vehicle retired batteries in distributed energy systems

Jiang

Wang

Shah

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The new design reduces costs, energy losses and carbon emissions and tightens the integration of the district network with the power system, as campus energy needs are now almost exclusively met by the power grid. Substantial additional grid, carbon and economic benefits can be obtained by optimizing the operations of this electrified district energy system [6], [7]. In this paper, we explore opportunities for even greater benefits from the coupling between the thermal and electric systems and the buffer offered by thermal storage (here, insulated steel tanks), by designing optimal operation strategies for district energy systems enrolled in a capacity-based demand response (DR) program like Pacific Gas & Electric's Capacity Bidding Program (PG&E CBP).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…District energy systems are changing from traditional waste-heat, steam-based networks to integrated heating-and-cooling multi-energy systems [3], [4], offering new opportunities for control and integrations with the power grid [7]- [10]. An example of recent interest in making district heating networks more responsive is in the North of China, where wind penetration is constrained by inflexible Combined Heat and Power plants that simultaneously produce heat and electricity in the winter [11].…”

Section: Context and Key Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work by the same authors [7] introduced a framework for the operations scheduling of district energy systems and applied it to the SESI project. Such systems provide different energy streams to their consumers, e.g.…”

Section: Preliminary: Operations Scheduling For District Energy Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the SESI project, the controllable energy draws are determined by the production schedule of each of the machines at the central energy facility. With " , " the hourly aggregate electricity and gas consumption, and &," , '," the corresponding hourly electricity and gas prices, ) monthly auxiliary variables to represent monthly electricity peak demand and *,) the monthly demand charge, it is shown in [7] that the operations scheduling problem can be written as:…”

Section: Preliminary: Operations Scheduling For District Energy Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental Investigation of a Capacity-Based Demand Response Mechanism for District-Scale Applications

Chalendar¹,

Glynn²,

Benson³

2019

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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District heating and cooling systems incorporating heat recovery and large-scale thermal storage dramatically reduce energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Electrifying district energy systems also has the effect of introducing city-scale controllable loads at the level of the electrical substation. Here we explore the opportunity for these systems to provide energy services to the grid through capacity-based demand response mechanisms. We present both a planning approach to estimate available demand-side capacity and a control framework to guide real-time scheduling when the program is active. These tools are used to assess the technical feasibility and the economic viability of participating in capacity-based demand response in the context of a real-world, megawatt-scale pilot during the summer of 2018 on the Stanford University campus.

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Advanced Materials and Additive Manufacturing for Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage and Management: A Review

Freeman

Foster

Troxler

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Phase change materials (PCMs) can enhance the performance of energy systems by time shifting or reducing peak thermal loads. The effectiveness of a PCM is defined by its energy and power density-the total available storage capacity (kWh m −3 ) and how fast it can be accessed (kW m −3 ). These are influenced by both material properties as well as geometry of the energy systems; however, prior efforts have primarily focused on improving material properties, namely, maximizing latent heat of fusion and increasing thermal conductivity. The latter is often at the expense of the former. Advanced manufacturing techniques hold tremendous potential to enable co-optimization of material properties and device geometry, while potentially reducing material waste and manufacturing time. There is an emerging body of research focused on additive manufacturing of PCM composites and devices for thermal energy storage (TES) and thermal management. In this article, the fundamentals and applications of PCMs are reviewed and recent additive manufacturing advances in latent heat TES for both the PCM composite and associated heat exchanger are discussed. A forward-looking perspective on the future and potential of PCM additive manufacturing for TES and thermal management is provided.

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City-scale decarbonization experiments with integrated energy systems

Abstract: Decarbonization of electricity generation together with electrification of energy-and-carbon-intensive services such as heating and cooling is needed to address ambitious climate goals. Urban energy centers are a prime target for these efforts.

Cited by 39 publications

References 64 publications

Emerging supply chain of utilising electrical vehicle retired batteries in distributed energy systems

Emerging supply chain of utilising electrical vehicle retired batteries in distributed energy systems

Experimental Investigation of a Capacity-Based Demand Response Mechanism for District-Scale Applications

Advanced Materials and Additive Manufacturing for Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage and Management: A Review

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