CityGML and IFC: Going further than LOD

Tolmer, Charles-Edouard; Castaing, Christophe; Diab, Youssef; Morand, Denis

doi:10.1109/digitalheritage.2013.6743808

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As indicated by Tolmer, Castaing, Diab and Morand [24], the concept of LOD in IFC is different to those in CityGML, i.e., Level Of Development (LODt), and is used to monitor the design progress, without an ISO normalization as in CityGML. Generally, the description of the LODt definition can be given as: (1) LODt 100: only a symbol or other generic representation; (2) LODt 200: a generic system, object, or with approximate assembling information; (3) LODt 300: a specific system, object, or with detailed assembling information; (4) LODt 400: a specific system, object, or with detailed assembling information with fabrication and installation information; and (5) LODt 500: a field verified representation with all the information in LODt 400 [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

Liu

Wang

Wright

et al. 2017

IJGI

322

247

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Abstract:The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has been identified as a promising but challenging topic to transform information towards the generation of knowledge and intelligence. Achievement of integrating these two concepts and enabling technologies will have a significant impact on solving problems in the civil, building and infrastructure sectors. However, since GIS and BIM were originally developed for different purposes, numerous challenges are being encountered for the integration. To better understand these two different domains, this paper reviews the development and dissimilarities of GIS and BIM, the existing integration methods, and investigates their potential in various applications. This study shows that the integration methods are developed for various reasons and aim to solve different problems. The parameters influencing the choice can be summarized and named as "EEEF" criteria: effectiveness, extensibility, effort, and flexibility. Compared with other methods, semantic web technologies provide a promising and generalized integration solution. However, the biggest challenges of this method are the large efforts required at early stage and the isolated development of ontologies within one particular domain. The isolation problem also applies to other methods. Therefore, openness is the key of the success of BIM and GIS integration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

Liu

Wang

Wright

et al. 2017

IJGI

322

247

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is structured to represent cities and buildings features with a different level of detail (LoD) ( Table 1). LoD 0 is for regional and landscape level, LoD 1 for regional level, LoD 2 for city district and urban context, LoD 3 for the exterior architectural models and landmarks and finally LoD 4 for the interior architectural model [23]. However, this last LoD is not enough accurate for representing building information as well as BIM.…”

Section: State Of the Art On Hbim-gis Integration: Ifc And Citygml Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBIM-GIS Integration: From IFC to CityGML Standard for Damaged Cultural Heritage in a Multiscale 3D GIS

et al. 2020

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This study describes the technical-systemic and conceptual-informative interoperability tests for the integration of a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) model in a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) environment aimed to provide complete and useful documentation for multiscale analyses on cultural heritage particularly exposed to risks. The case study of the San Lorenzo Church in Norcia (Italy) has been chosen given the urgent need to update the existing documentation for its protection and conservation issues, due to the extensive damage suffered after the series of earthquakes that occurred in central Italy starting from summer 2016. Different tests to evaluate two levels of conceptual interoperability (technical and semantic) when importing the HBIM model into a GIS environment were performed, whether with commercial software or with open source ones (ArcGIS Pro and QGIS, respectively). A data integration platform (Feature Manipulation Engine, FME) has been used for converting the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data format into the GML (Geography Markup Language) format, in order to obtain a unique and unified model and vocabulary for the 3D GIS project, structured with different levels of detail, according to CityGML standard. Finally, as HBIM-GIS integration is considered, the loss of geometric and informative data has been taken into account and evaluated. IntroductionWithin the AEC (architecture, engineering, construction) industry, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) approach represents an increasingly widespread as much as necessary methodology. Being an interactive data archive [1,2], these models contain geometric data but also non-graphic information, such as materials, thermal characteristics, costs and maintenance instructions, thus they consist in the creation of a central informative and shared model, integrated among every project participant, and it is configured as a dynamic system particularly helpful for the building's facility management (FM). On the other hand, the use of a GIS (Geographic Information System) is well stated in the literature for its usefulness when managing territorial and urban data, with a variety of different purposes and professional figures involved. The integration between these two domains and the complementary nature of the information provided by each technology could, therefore, lead to have a new data flow and a highly detailed and holistic picture of a project.Moreover, the latest technological developments, especially in the field of surveying and geomatics, encouraged the large acquisition of point clouds, thus speeding up the Scan-to-BIM process and

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“…Majority of current 3D city models are designed by making use of either the CityGML or IFC standard. Some research towards interoperating CityGML and IFC models has been developed to transform information towards the generation of knowledge and intelligence in recent years [15][16][17]. However, as BIM and GIS data are created, managed and visualised in different ways in terms of coordinate systems, scope of interest and data structures, data incompatibility is becoming a significant issue.…”

Section: Existing Approaches and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Integrating Heterogeneous Data: A Spatial DBMS Solution from a CRC-LCL Project in Australia

Zlatanova

Diakité

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Over recent decades, more and more cities worldwide have created semantic 3D city models of their built environments based on standards across multiple domains. 3D city models, which are often employed for a large range of tasks, go far beyond pure visualization. Due to different spatial scale requirements for planning and managing various built environments, integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged in recent years. Focus is now shifting to Precinct Information Modeling (PIM) which is in a more general sense to built-environment modeling. As scales change so do options to perform information modeling for different applications. How to implement data interoperability across these digital representations, therefore, becomes an emerging challenge. Moreover, with the growth of multi-source heterogeneous data consisting of semantic and varying 2D/3D spatial representations, data management becomes feasible for facilitating the development and deployment of PIM applications. How to use heterogeneous data in an integrating manner to further express PIM is an open and comprehensive topic. In this paper, we develop a semantic PIM based on multi-source heterogeneous data. Then, we tackle spatial data management problems in a Spatial Database Management System (SDBMS) solution for our defined unified model. Case studies on the University of New South Wales (UNSW) campus demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.

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CityGML and IFC: Going further than LOD

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

HBIM-GIS Integration: From IFC to CityGML Standard for Damaged Cultural Heritage in a Multiscale 3D GIS

Towards Integrating Heterogeneous Data: A Spatial DBMS Solution from a CRC-LCL Project in Australia

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