Ciudad Sin Frontera. La Multilocalidad Urbano-Rural En Bolivia

Abstract

ResumenLas dinámicas sociales, económicas y políticas en la región andina dependen fundamentalmente de articulaciones entre la ciudad y el campo. El artículo identifica características fundamentales de la constitución mutua de lo urbano y lo rural boliviano, basándose en una colección de estudios sobre el tema y enfatizando las consecuencias de la paradójica falta de incorporación institucional y estatal de esos vínculos. Aunque las políticas estatales de regularización y de participación popular abrieron ciertas posibilidades económicas y socio-políticas para la población campesina e indígena, la combinación de la flexibilización institucional de estas políticas con su poca atención a las realidades concretas urbano-rurales también dejó más desprotegidos a los bolivianos más vulnerables.Palabras clave: Bolivia, articulaciones territoriales, urbano-rural, periurbano, multilocalidad AbstractThe social, economic and political dynamics in the Andean region depend fundamentally on the links between city and countryside. This article identifies fundamental characteristics of the mutual constitution of Bolivian rural and urban spheres, based on a collection of studies on the theme. It seeks to explore the consequences of the paradoxical lack of incorporation of these links into institutional and state mechanisms. Although state policies of regularization and popular participation opened economic and political possibilities for the Bolivian rural and indigenous populations, the combination of institutional flexibility of these policies with their lack of attention to urban-rural realities increases the vulnerability of the most marginalized Bolivians.

‘City Thinking’: Rural Urbanisation and Mobility in Andean Bolivia

“…Mobility, and the concomitant connection between the rural and urban, is one of the defining features of Andean life (Weismantel, 2001: xxii; Cielo and Antequera Durán, 2012: 23). Prior to the European invasion, as Murra (2002) identified, Andean economies were based on dual residence and exchange of products between people living at different altitudes; from European colonisation onwards, Andean mobility has incorporated urban settlements underpinned by epistemological difference from the (rural) Andean community, the ayllu .…”

“…This level of itineracy is very specific to Kallawaya healers , rather than migrants from the municipality as a whole. However, Cielo and Antequera Durán (2012) have argued, on the other hand, that rural to urban migration in general should be understood as involving ‘multilocality’, an extension of the ‘double domicile’ and control of multiple ecological levels that Murra identifies as characteristic of Andean territoriality.…”

Les femmes et l’approche du Buen Vivir en Bolivie : entre l’absence et l’émergence

“…Par ailleurs, en Bolivie, un phénomène de double résidence est fréquent chez les indigènes habitant les hautes terres 5 , pour des raisons familiales, économiques et culturelles (Cielo et Antequera Durán, 2012 ;Cortes, 2001Cortes, , 2002Cortes, , 2011Franqueville, 2000 ;Poupeau, 2011). De nombreuses familles indigènes pauvres se partagent entre deux domiciles : un en ville, pour le travail rémunéré d'un membre de la famille et pour les études des enfants, et un à la campagne, pour la production agricole fournissant l'essentiel des denrées alimentaires de la famille et pour le maintien des liens avec la communauté indigène d'origine (Antequera, 2008).…”

Ordinary land grabbing in peri-urban spaces: Land conflicts and governance in a small Colombian city

“…Navarrete-Peñuela (2017), more specifically, has called for participatory governance models to more effectively address urban sustainability challenges. However, while civil participation is somewhat widespread in Latin American cities (CEPAL, 1998;Angotti and Irazábal, 2017), its outcomes have not always been convincing (e.g., Whittingham, 2006;Cielo and Antequera Durán, 2012;Koch and Sanchez Steiner, 2017), although a few successful experiences do exist in Colombia (Velasquez, 1998;Motta Vargas et al, 2016).…”