Civil War and Trajectories of Change in Women's Political Representation in Africa, 1985-2010

Hughes, Melanie M.; Tripp, Aili Mari

doi:10.1093/sf/sov003

Cited by 136 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In line with these arguments, studies indicate that female political empowerment increases after conflict, with a particular emphasis on Africa (see e.g., Hughes and Tripp, 2015;Hughes, 2009).…”

Section: Reverse Causality and Omitted Variablesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship Between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

Dahlum

Wig

2018

SSRN Journal

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This paper investigates whether female political empowerment is conducive to civil peace, drawing on global data on female political empowerment over a 200 year period, from the Varieties of Democracy database. We augment previous research by expanding the temporal scope, looking at a novel inventory of female empowerment measures, attending to reverse-causality and omitted variable issues, and separating between relevant causal mechanisms. We find a strong link between female political empowerment and civil peace, which is particularly pronounced in the 20th century. When studying mechanisms, we find that this relationship is driven both by women's political participation and the culture that conduces it. To draw causal inferences, we estimate instrumental variable models and perform causal sensitivity tests. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is a robust link between female political empowerment and civil peace, stemming from both institutional and cultural mechanisms.

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Section: Reverse Causality and Omitted Variablesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship Between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

Dahlum

Wig

2018

SSRN Journal

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“…The presence of international or domestic conflict is another factor that affects both socio-economic outcomes as well as the number of women in parliament, given that men are more likely to die in battle. Indeed, long-standing armed conflict has been shown to substantially increase women's political representation in sub-Saharan Africa, beyond what can be explained by electoral institutions and democratization alone Hughes and Tripp (2015).…”

Section: Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Accountability: When and Why Do Women's Policy Priorities Get Implemented?

Mechkova

Carlitz

2019

SSRN Journal

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The past two decades have seen dramatic increases in women occupying positions of political power. Such developments have been welcomed as a means of achieving better outcomes for women in their everyday lives. We interrogate this proposition, developing a "gendered accountability" framework to the delineate conditions under which female representation should have its desired effects. Our empirical analysis applies this framework to sub-Saharan Africa, home to the largest increase in women's political representation in recent years. We find that having more women in the legislature is robustly associated with reduced infant and child mortality as well as greater spending on health. The effect on infant mortality is magnified when women are more active in civil society, and constrained to countries that have gender quotas and a proportional electoral system. We do not, however, find consistent evidence that maternal mortality and access to clean water respond to female representation.

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“…Perhaps most broadly, Tilly (1985, 170) argued that "wars make states," while Weber ([1922] 1978) suggested that the development of bureaucratic rationality within militaries significantly affected modern state institutions. Mass violence has likewise influenced the emergence of revolutions (e.g., Moore 1966;Tilly 1978;Skocpol 1979), welfare state and civic organization formation (e.g., Skocpol 1992), citizenship rights (e.g., Markoff 1996;Kestnbaum 2002), and women's political participation (e.g., Hughes and Tripp 2015;Berry 2018).…”

Section: Critical Junctures and Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting: Judges at Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts

Brehm¹,

Smith²,

Gertz³

2019

Law Soc. Inq.

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In the aftermath of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi, the Government of Rwanda created courts to hold hundreds of thousands of suspected g enocidaires accountable. Faced with an unprecedented volume of cases, each community elected lay judges known as inyangamugayo to preside over the court proceedings. With no prior legal training, these individuals held trials for a decade, levying sentences ranging from minor fines to life in prison. This article draws from forty-six interviews with former inyangamugayo to make two primary contributions. First, we examine how professional boundaries shifted during a period of upheaval such that laypeople performed tasks typically undertaken by professionals. Second, we highlight the centrality of social capital-and, more specifically, reputations-in the inyangamugayo's election and tasks. In doing so, we illustrate how the inyangamugayo leveraged their reputations to secure the cooperation of fellow community members in adjudicating crimes of genocide.

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Civil War and Trajectories of Change in Women's Political Representation in Africa, 1985-2010

Cited by 136 publications

References 27 publications

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship Between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship Between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

Gendered Accountability: When and Why Do Women's Policy Priorities Get Implemented?

Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting: Judges at Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts

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