Classical Runt Deformity Syndrome Cases in Farmed Penaeus vannamei Along the East Coast of India

Jagadeesan, V.; Praveena, P. Ezhil; Otta, Subhendu Kumar; Jithendran, K. P.

doi:10.2112/si86-016.1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In Ecuador, grow-out ponds displaying a high coefficient of variation (CV%>20) with a history of IHHNV occurrence were selected in 2020. Eight grow-out ponds distributed in Guayas (5), El Oro (1), and Esmeraldas (2) were analyzed. From each grow-out pond, 30 shrimp were randomly sampled, weighed, and had their pleopod and gill tissues preserved in 95% ethanol for real-time PCR analysis.…”

Section: Samples and Sampling Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, IHHNV was reported to cause RDS in P. vannamei, resulting in large size disparities and growth deformities [29]. A recent report from India documented deformities including deformed sixth abdominal segment, deformed rostrum, cuticular roughness, and wrinkled antennae, and a wide variation in the size of grow-out ponds in P. vannamei analyzed from 350 shrimp farms [5]. Unfortunately, in that study, only shrimp with clinical signs were analyzed; therefore, it was not possible to determine IHHNV prevalence in healthy individuals from the same ponds.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) has been listed as a notifiable crustacean pathogen by the World Organization for Animal Health since 1995 [ 1 ] and is highly prevalent in America, Asia, and Australia. The virus previously caused large-scale mortalities in Pacific blue shrimp ( Penaeus stylirostris ) [ 2 ] and is known to cause growth retardation, described as runt-deformity syndrome (RDS), in Pacific white shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei ) [ 2 , 3 ] and black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

Aranguren

Gomez-Sanchez²,

Piedrahita³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is a crustacean disease that caused large-scale mortality in Penaeus stylirostris, deformity and growth retardation in Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon. We surveyed the presence of IHHNV in three major shrimp-producing regions in Ecuador, namely Guayas, El Oro, and Esmeralda. The data show that IHHNV is endemic (3.3–100% prevalence) to shrimp farms in these regions. The whole genome sequences of representative circulating IHHNV genotypes in Ecuador and Peru showed that these genotypes formed a separate cluster within the Type II genotypes and were divergent from other geographical isolates of IHHNV originating in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. In experimental bioassays using specific pathogen-free (SPF) P. vannamei, P. monodon, and P. stylirostris and representative IHHNV isolates from Ecuador and Peru, the virus did not cause any mortality or induce clinical signs in any of the three penaeid species. Although IHHNV-specific Cowdry type A inclusion bodies were histologically detected in experimentally challenged P. vannamei and P. monodon and confirmed by in situ hybridization, no such inclusions were observed in P. stylirostris. Moreover, P. vannamei had the highest viral load, followed by P. monodon and P. stylirostris. Based on IHHNV surveillance data, we conclude that the currently farmed P. vannamei lines in Ecuador are tolerant to circulating IHHNV genotypes. The genome sequence and experimental bioassay data showed that, although the currently circulating genotypes are infectious, they do not induce clinical lesions in the three commercially important penaeid species. These findings suggest a potentially evolving virus-host relationship where circulating genotypes of IHHNV co-exist in equilibrium with P. vannamei raised in Peru and Ecuador.

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Section: Samples and Sampling Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

Aranguren

Gomez-Sanchez²,

Piedrahita³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…To support their decision that IHHNV did satisfy Criterion 4b, the AAHC report cited 22 references, 8 of which were published prior to 2010 while 14 covered the period 2010 to 2020 during which the impact of IHHNV on shrimp production should have been assessed. In Supplementary Information 1, these remaining 14 cited references are examined in detail and it is shown that only 2 of them (Jagadeesan et al, 2019; Sellars et al, 2019) contained new data used to claim production losses in ponds infected with IHHNV. All the other 12 publications from 2010 onward concerned studies of IHHNV itself in terms of biology and detection and did not contain original data on production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flaws described in the Supplementary Information for the remaining 2 publications containing data used to support a claim for production losses due to IHHNV (Jagadeesan et al, 2019; Sellars et al, 2019) are briefly summarized here. Both publications were based predominantly on positive PCR results for detection of IHHNV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No single PCR test is sufficient to determine parvovirus IHHNV presence in or impact on farmed shrimp production

Sritunyalucksana,

Sanguanrut,

Srisala

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The purpose of this study was to confirm evidence that the shrimp parvovirus IHHNV no longer has a significant negative economic impact on farmed shrimp production, and that it should be delisted as a pathogen by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Current published evidence for delisting is presented in the introduction, and experimental evidence is presented from 11 commercial ponds cultivating the giant tiger shrimpPenaeus monodonin Thailand. All 11 ponds gave positive PCR test results for IHHNV using 2 methods recommended for IHHNV diagnosis by WOAH. However, when an additional in-house “IHHNV Long-Amp method” (IHHNV-LA) was also used to amplify 90% of the 4 kb IHHNV genome sequence, only 4 of the 11 ponds gave positive PCR test results. Further tests using normal histopathological analysis for the presence of pathognomonic Cowdry A type inclusions (CAI),in situhybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) could confirm IHHNV infections in only 2 of those 4 ponds. In addition, a positive detection of CAI alone was equivalent to ISH or IHC in confirming IHHNV infection after a positive test with any of the PCR methods used. In summary, the recommended WOAH PCR methods gave false positive test results for IHHNV infection with 9/11 ponds (82%). All 11 ponds gave profitable harvests despite the confirmation of IHHNV in 2 ponds, where it was accompanied by various additional pathogens, as were all 11 ponds. Unfortunately, according to current practice, positive PCR test results with the WOAH methods can lead to rejection of traded shrimp products without assurance that they are not false positive results arising from EVE. Our results, results from others and our analysis of a recent decision of WOAH to maintain IHHNV as a listed disease suggest that WOAH must reconsider IHHNV for de-listing.

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Parvoviruses of Aquatic Animals

Kibenge,

Godoy

2024

Preprint

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Family Parvoviridae consists of small, non-enveloped viruses with linear, single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 4-6 kilobases, subdivided into 3 subfamilies: Parvovirinae, Densovirinae and Hamaparvovirinae. Parvoviruses of aquatic animals infect crustaceans, mollusks, and finfish. In this review, these parvoviruses, which are highly host-specific and are associated with mass morbidity and mortality in both farmed and wild aquatic animals are described. They include Cherax quadricarinatus densovirus (CqDV) in freshwater crayfish; Sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) in sunflower sea star on the Northeastern Pacific Coast; Clinch densovirus 1 in freshwater mussels in the Clinch River, Virginia, and Tennessee, USA, in subfamily Densovirinae; Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) and Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in farmed shrimp worldwide; Syngnathid ichthamaparvovirus 1 in gulf pipefish in the Gulf of Mexico and parts of South America; and Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) in farmed tilapia in China and Thailand, in the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae. In addition, virus megataxonomy has enabled the inclusion of novel parvoviruses detected in both diseased and healthy animals using metagenomic sequencing for virus discovery, such as the novel zander parvovirus from zander in Hungary, novel salmon parvovirus from sockeye salmon smolts in British Columbia-Canada, and Spawner-isolated mortality virus (SMV) from shrimp broodstock in Australia.

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Classical Runt Deformity Syndrome Cases in Farmed Penaeus vannamei Along the East Coast of India

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

No single PCR test is sufficient to determine parvovirus IHHNV presence in or impact on farmed shrimp production

Parvoviruses of Aquatic Animals

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