Classification and Zoning of Water Quality for Three Main Rivers in Binh Tri Thien Region (Central Vietnam) Based on Water Quality Index

Abstract

Huong, Thach Han and Kien Giang rivers are the important surface water sources in Thua Thien Hue, Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces, respectively (in Central Vietnam). The river water samples were taken monthly (from June 2001 to May 2002 for Kien Giang river and from January to December of 2004 for Thach Han and Huong rivers) at selected sites. The temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (TUR), DO, COD, BOD 5 , nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total solids (TS), hardness, total dissolved iron, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water samples were analyzed. Water quality index developed by Bhargava (Bhargava-WQI) was modified and applied to assess water quality of the above mentioned rivers. Based on Bhargava-WQI, the classification and zoning of the rivers for beneficial uses were carried out. The results obtained show that the water quality index can be used as an efficient tool for the water quality management and water pollution control of the rivers.

Xây dựng bản đồ phân vùng chất lượng nước trong hệ thống kênh, rạch nội đô thành phố Hồ Chí Minh dựa trên kết quả quan trắc

“…Để đánh giá tổng quát và định lượng về CLN, nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới [9][10][11][12][13], trong đó có Việt Nam [14][15][16][17] đã sử dụng Chỉ số chất lượng nước (Water Quality Index -WQI) [9][10][11][12][13]. WQI là một thông số "tổ hợp" được tính toán từ nhiều thông số CLN riêng biệt theo một phương pháp xác định.…”

Comparación de índices de calidad de agua para consumo humano en pozos profundos del municipio miranda (Zulia, Venezuela)

“…La interpretación de los valores del ICA-Bhargava se realizó empleando 5 clases de calidad de agua: I excelente (90-100), II buena (89-65), III media (64-35), IV inadecuada (11-34) y V muy mala (10-1) (Hop et al, 2008).…”

“…Entre los ICA usados frecuentemente para calificar la calidad general del agua, se encuentran: i) ICA-Aritmético ponderado (Sánchez et al, 2016;Khatri et al, 2020), ii) ICA-CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) (Mahagamage & Manage, 2014;Salcedo et al, 2015;Khatri et al, 2020) e iii) ICA-Bhargava (Mustafa et al, 2017;Al-Musawi, 2018); los cuales han servido para analizar el agua tanto para uso general como para consumo humano (Hop et al, 2008). De esta manera, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar tres ICA diferentes, en función del tipo y número de parámetros considerados, en pozos profundos de una zona rural del municipio Miranda (Zulia, Venezuela), determinando su adecuación con respecto a los límites permisibles establecidos por la OMS para agua destinada a consumo humano (OMS, 2018) e informar su calidad de una manera simple y precisa, considerando que en la mayoría de los casos las dependencias gubernamentales competentes no realizan los monitoreos oportunos, ni informan a la población local sobre las amenazas relacionadas con la ingesta de agua no apta para este fin.…”

Water Quality Assessment of Saigon River for Public Water Supply Based on Water Quality Index

“…In Viet Nam, WQI has been applied to several rivers such as Huong river in Thua Thien Hue province, Kien Giang river in Quang Binh province, Thach Han river in Quang Tri province [5], rivers and canals in Ho Chi Minh city [6], Hau river in Can Tho city [7], Thi Tinh river in Binh Duong province [8], Tien river in Tien Giang province [9], the upper part of Dong Nai river [10], etc. Among the WQI models, the model developed by Bhargava in 1983 is one of the simple models which is easily applied to water quality assessment for both general use and specific use [5,8,11]. Bhargava WQI model was proved to be more sensitive than a well-known WQI model developed by the United States -National Sanitation Foundation in reflection of water quality [5].…”

“…Among the WQI models, the model developed by Bhargava in 1983 is one of the simple models which is easily applied to water quality assessment for both general use and specific use [5,8,11]. Bhargava WQI model was proved to be more sensitive than a well-known WQI model developed by the United States -National Sanitation Foundation in reflection of water quality [5]. The Bahargava WQI model has been used to assess some surface water sources such as Euphrates river in Iraq for drinking and irrigation purposes [12,13]; Netravathi river in South India for drinking purpose [14]; Polyphytos artificial lake and Aliakmon river in Greece for multipurpose use [15]; Huong, Thach Han, and Kien Giang rivers in Central Viet Nam [5] and Thi Tinh river in Southern Viet Nam [8] for multipurpose and specific uses (public water supply, irrigated agriculture, and aquatic life protection), etc.…”