Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment

Ritchie, Karen; Artéro, Sylvaine; Touchon, Jacques

doi:10.1212/wnl.56.1.37

Cited by 780 publications

(705 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is likely that about 30% of these subjects will have dementia within another 3 years. 40 We selected subjects with no obvious cognitive impairment at baseline from a large longitudinal population-based study; follow-up measurements were obtained at 3 and 6 years. We assessed cognition by measures sensitive to cognitive decline.…”

Section: Figure Six-year Change In Cognitive Test Scores According Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we combined these measures to study the rates of subjects who had AACD, which has been shown to be predictive for dementia in the population. 40 Furthermore, we assessed memory problems with one simple question that appeared to be a sensitive predictor of objective cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly persons. 8 If symptoms of dementia already exist, the caregiver's report on memory problems seems to be more reliable for diagnosing dementia than does the subject's report.…”

Section: Figure Six-year Change In Cognitive Test Scores According Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 In a population-based study sample, AACD was shown to have a higher predictive value for dementia and to be more reliable than were criteria for mild cognitive impairment. 40 Differences between memory complaints and APOE-⑀4 allele carriage were tested by the 2 test.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Memory complaints and APOE-ε4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly

Dik¹,

Jonker²,

Comijs³

et al. 2001

Neurology

213

155

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Article abstract-Objective: To investigate to what extent subjective memory complaints and APOE-⑀4 allele carriage predict future cognitive decline in cognitively intact elderly persons, by evaluating both their separate and combined effects. Methods: We selected 1,168 subjects from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam who were 62 to 85 years of age and had no obvious cognitive impairment at baseline (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, Ն27). Memory complaints and APOE phenotypes were assessed at baseline. MMSE, the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (memory: immediate recall and delayed recall), and the Alphabet Coding Task-15 (information processing speed) were used to study cognitive decline. Follow-up data were collected after 3 and 6 years. Data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations, adjusted for age, sex, education, and depression. Results: Baseline memory complaints were reported by 25.5% of the cognitively intact elderly persons. Overall, 25.3% of the subjects were carriers of at least one APOE-⑀4 allele. Memory complaints were associated with a greater rate of decline in all cognitive measures, except immediate recall. In addition, APOE-⑀4 allele carriers had a greater rate of cognitive decline shown by MMSE scores and slower information processing speeds after 6 years. The effects of both memory complaints and APOE-⑀4 allele carriage were additive: subjects with both factors had a two times higher cognitive decline than did subjects without both factors. Conclusions: Both memory complaints and APOE-⑀4 allele carriage predict cognitive decline at an early stage. This finding highlights the importance of subjective memory complaints, which are important even at an early stage when objective tests are still unable to detect cognitive deficits and are especially important for elderly carriers of the APOE-⑀4 allele because they have an additional risk. NEUROLOGY 2001;57:2217-2222 Elderly persons with memory complaints are often depressed. 1,2 However, many population-based studies have reported that subjective memory complaints may predict future dementia. [3][4][5][6] Memory complaints also predict faster cognitive decline in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment 7 as well as in elderly persons with normal cognition. 8 It is important to know which elderly persons will develop mild cognitive impairment as an early stage of dementia, because intervention may soon be feasible. 9 Because memory complaints can be easily assessed, they can identify persons who are at risk.Small et al. 10 studied individuals with mild memory complaints and found a higher proportion of memory complaints among APOE-⑀4 allele carriers than among non-APOE-⑀4 allele carriers. The APOE-⑀4 allele is the major known genetic risk factor for AD 11 and has been associated with objective cognitive decline. 12-17 Based on the findings of the cross-sectional study by Small et al., 10 prospective studies should include both APOE-⑀4 allele carriage and subjective memory complaints to determine how we...

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Section: Figure Six-year Change In Cognitive Test Scores According Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure Six-year Change In Cognitive Test Scores According Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Memory complaints and APOE-ε4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly

Dik¹,

Jonker²,

Comijs³

et al. 2001

Neurology

213

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Factors that predict dementia onset within specific time periods are used to identify high risk groups. The most widely used approach is to identify individuals with memory impairment who do not meet criteria for dementia (Albert et al, 2001;Larrieu et al, 2002;Petersen, 2004;Ritchie et al, 2001). A subgroup of these individuals meeting criteria for amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) develop AD at elevated rates and have become the targets of secondary prevention trials (Petersen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Grober

Hall

Lipton

et al. 2008

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

353

314

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In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we examined the temporal unfolding of declining performance on tests of episodic memory (Free Recall on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test), executive function (Category Fluency, Letter Fluency, and Trails), and Verbal Intelligence (Nelson, 1982; American Version of the Nelson Adult Reading Test [AMNART] ) before the diagnosis of dementia in 92 subjects with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) followed for up to 15 years before diagnosis. To examine the preclinical onset of cognitive decline, we aligned subjects at the time of initial AD diagnosis and examined the cognitive course preceding diagnosis. We found that declines in performance on tests of episodic memory accelerated 7 years before diagnosis. Declining performance on tests of executive function accelerated 2-3 years before diagnosis, and verbal intelligence declined in close proximity to diagnosis. This cognitive profile is compatible with pathologic data suggesting that structures which mediate memory are affected earlier than frontal structures during the preclinical onset of AD. It also supports the view that VIQ as estimated by the AMNART does not decline during the preclinical onset of AD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 266-278.)

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“…BADLs are highly correlated with motor functioning and coordination (Bennett et al, 2002;Boyle et al, 2002;Cahn et al, 1998). In contrast, declines in IADLs have been shown to be influenced by cognitive functioning, are affected relatively early in the course of dementia (Stern et al, 1990), and may be present in preclinical dementia states such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI; Griffith et al, 2003;Ritchie et al, 2001). Assessment of ADLs in large-scale studies is usually conducted through informant report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and neuroimaging predictors of instrumental activities of daily living

Cahn-Weiner

Farias

Julián

et al. 2007

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

187

167

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Impaired ability to conduct daily activities is a diagnostic criterion for dementia and a determinant of healthcare services utilization and caregiver burden. What predicts decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is not well understood. This study examined measures of episodic memory, executive function, and MRI brain volumes in relation to baseline IADLs and as predictors of rate of IADL change. Participants were 124 elderly persons with cognitive function between normal and moderate dementia both with and without significant small vessel cerebrovascular disease. Random effects modeling showed that baseline memory and executive function (EXEC) were associated with baseline IADL scores, but only EXEC was independently associated with rate of change in IADLs. Whereas hippocampal and cortical gray matter volumes were significantly associated with baseline IADL scores, only hippocampal volume was associated with IADL change. In a model including cognitive and neuroimaging predictors, only EXEC independently predicted rate of decline in IADL scores. These findings indicate that greater executive dysfunction at initial assessment is associated with more rapid decline in IADLs. Perhaps executive function is particularly important with respect to maintaining IADLs. Alternatively, executive dysfunction may be a sentinel event indicating widespread cortical involvement and poor prognosis.

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Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment

Cited by 780 publications

References 18 publications

Memory complaints and APOE-ε4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly

Memory complaints and APOE-ε4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly

Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Cognitive and neuroimaging predictors of instrumental activities of daily living

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