Classification, Data Analysis, and Data Highways

Balderjahn, Ingo; Mathar, Rudolf; Schader, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72087-1

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…When data intrinsically have a hierarchical or clustered structure then multilevel models (MLM) are specifically designed for these types of analyses (Hox, 1998). As is the case in most educational research the data in this study are nested at the individual (Level 1) and within schools (Level 2), which supports the use of MLM analyses.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Delayed Disaster Impacts on Academic Performance of Primary School Children

Gibbs

Nursey

Cook³

et al. 2019

Child Development

112

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Social disruption caused by natural disasters often interrupts educational opportunities for children. However, little is known about children's learning in the following years. This study examined change in academic scores for children variably exposed to a major bushfire in Australia. Comparisons were made between children attending high, medium, and low disaster‐affected primary schools 2–4 years after the disaster (n = 24,642; 9–12 years). The results showed that in reading and numeracy expected gains from Year 3 to Year 5 scores were reduced in schools with higher levels of bushfire impact. The findings highlight the extended period of academic impact and identify important opportunities for intervention in the education system to enable children to achieve their academic potential.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Delayed Disaster Impacts on Academic Performance of Primary School Children

Gibbs

Nursey

Cook³

et al. 2019

Child Development

112

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“…The analyses included 70 to 2051 single assessments, with 18 to 572 participants per study. Ten studies met the minimum of fifty units (here: participants) at level two, as suggested by Balderjahn et al [ 54 ] and Maas and Hox [ 55 ]. All studies met the requirement of at least 30 units on level one (here: single assessments) suggested by Kreft and de Leeuw [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 18 and 572 employees used a PDA or an online survey to provide feedback on their use of emotional labor during certain times or marked events while at work or at home, resulting in 70 to 2051 individual assessments. Although a sample of only 18 participants [ 64 ] does not meet the requirements for multilevel analyses [ 54 , 55 ], the overall sample sizes of the studies appear to be adequate, as further evaluated in the quality review below. Response rates varied widely, ranging from 12 to 90 percent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies may consider implementing more objective methods, such as measurement of heart rate or cortisol levels, as is frequently done in stress research [ 74 – 76 ]. While most of the reported studies used hierarchical level modeling to investigate between- and within-person variables, they did not specify quality standards for using multilevel modeling (e.g., [ 54 – 56 ]). Nevertheless, it may be presumed that these studies meet the quality requirements of the cited authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were collected related to study design, number of participants and observations, and assessment duration to assess study quality. The evaluation of the studies’ quality followed the recommendations of Balderjahn et al [ 54 ] and Maas and Hox [ 55 ], which mandate a minimum of fifty units at level two (here: participants) for analyzing variance levels and interactions in two-level models. It has also been suggested to include at least 30 units at level one (here: single assessments) [ 56 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional labor as emotion regulation investigated with ecological momentary assessment – a scoping review

Pinkawa,

Dörfel

2024

BMC Psychol

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Background This scoping review’s aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of ecological momentary assessment (EMA)- based research on emotional labor (EL) as emotion regulation (ER). This includes an examination of the theoretical foundation this research builds on, how the hypothesized relationships are investigated using EMA methods as well as the studies’ findings themselves. We built on the work of Grandey and Melloy (J Occup Health Psychol 22:407–22, 2004), who broadly distinguished between the two regulatory strategies of deep acting (DA) and surface acting (SA), embedded in a hierarchical model of emotional labor, as a guiding theory for structuring this review. Methods To be included, studies had to use EMA to measure SA or DA, with no restrictions regarding population and date of publication. The electronic databases CINAHL, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched. Studies were included if they met the above criteria and were written in English or German. Out of 237 publications, 12 were chosen for this review. Results All studies were based on emotional labor theories, with Arlie Hochschild’s theory being the most popular, followed by Alicia Grandey's emotional labor theory and its modifications (Grandey AA. Emotion Regulation in the Workplace: A New Way to Conceptualize Emotional Labor; Grandey AA. When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. 2003). The methodological quality of the studies varied greatly. The results of the studies indicate that SA is influenced by negative events, trait SA, service innovation and certain emotions, while DA is influenced by positive events and emotional intelligence. Emotional labor benefits the organization, e.g., by improving customer conflict handling, but also causes harm by increasing employee withdrawal behavior. For the employee, emotional labor results in more harm than benefits. Conclusions The research area is still in its early stages and the findings are mostly consistent, but the small number of studies needs to be replicated to increase the reliability of the results. The lack of evidence for ertain hypotheses highlights the presence of unresolved relationships that require further exploration. We are only at the beginning of investigating emotional labor using ecological momentary assessment, and conducting more high-quality studies will significantly enhance our comprehension of emotional labor.

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