Classification of Localized Heavy Rainfall Events in South Korea

Jo, Enoch; Park, Chanil; Son, Seok‐Woo; Roh, Jaehoon; Lee, GyuWon; Lee, Jun Young

doi:10.1007/s13143-019-00128-7

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Not only approximately 70% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in the summer season [9] but also its interannual and intraseasonal variations are significant. In addition, summer precipitation over Korea is shaped by many different mechanisms, including the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) frontal systems, mesoscale convective systems, and typhoon activities [8,[10][11][12]. e complex interactions between them make it difficult to reproduce both quantitative and qualitative aspects of summer precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation over Korea to Convective Parameterizations in the RegCM4: An Updated Assessment

Nguyen-Xuan

Qiu

et al. 2020

Advances in Meteorology

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This study investigates the performance of the latest version of RegCM4 in simulating summer precipitation over South Korea, comparing nine sensitivity experiments with different combinations of convective parameterization schemes (CPSs) between land and ocean. In addition to the gross pattern of seasonal and monthly mean precipitation, the northward propagation of the intense precipitation band and statistics from extreme daily precipitation are thoroughly evaluated against gridded and in situ station observations. The comparative analysis of 10-year simulations demonstrates that no CPS shows superiority in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Furthermore, a nontrivial discrepancy among the different observation datasets makes a robust assessment of model performance difficult. Regardless of the CPS over the ocean, the simulations with the Kain–Fritsch scheme over land show a severe dry bias, whereas the simulations with the Tiedtke scheme over land suffer from a limited accuracy in reproducing spatial distributions due to the excessive orographic precipitation. In general, the simulations with the Emanuel scheme over land are better at capturing the major characteristics of summer precipitation over South Korea, despite not all statistical metrics showing the best performance. When applying the Emanuel scheme to both land and the ocean, precipitation tends to be slightly overestimated. This deficiency can be alleviated by using either the Tiedtke or Kain–Fritsch schemes over the ocean instead. As few studies have applied and evaluated the Tiedtke and Kain–Fritsch schemes to the Korean region within the RegCM framework, and this study introduces the potential of these new CPSs compared with the more frequently selected Emanuel scheme, which is particularly beneficial to RegCM users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation over Korea to Convective Parameterizations in the RegCM4: An Updated Assessment

Nguyen-Xuan

Qiu

et al. 2020

Advances in Meteorology

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“…The intensity is categorized into four levels, that is, light (<5 mm·h −1 ), moderate (5–20 mm·h −1 ), heavy (20–30 mm·h −1 ) and extreme (>30 mm·h −1 ) rain. Precipitation exceeding 30 mm·h −1 or 100 mm·day −1 is often used for the definition of extreme events in South Korea (Cha et al, 2007a; Jo et al, 2020; Jung et al, 2011; KMA, 2011). Our station data analysis (Figures S1 and S2, Supporting Information) confirms that the 30 mm·h −1 and 100 mm·day −1 criteria correspond to the 99.54th and 97.71th percentiles, respectively.…”

Section: Precipitation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term change of summer mean and extreme precipitations in Korea and East Asia

Kim

Cha

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The change of the precipitation characteristics over South Korea is investigated using long‐term (60 years) hourly precipitation records from surface stations focusing on extended summer (June–September) and rainy season (Changma). The precipitation characteristics including extreme events (>30 mm·h−1 or >100 mm·day−1) are also compared for the past (1961–1990) and recent (1991–2020) climatology. The amount of summer precipitation shows a notable increase over South Korea (2.6 mm·day−1·century−1) during the last 60 years (1961–2020) although it is smaller than recent 48‐year trend measured in North Korea (9.7 mm·day−1·century−1). Precipitation amounts are significantly increased than past climatology particularly in 70–100 and 200 mm·day−1 intensity ranges. The frequency of extreme precipitation also exhibits an increasing trend (1.0 frequency·century−1) during the last 60 years over South Korea. The frequency of extreme precipitation has been doubled in the recent climatology compared to the past climatology. Daily precipitations in top 1 percentile present clear increasing trends during the extended summer and Changma season in South Korea. Further investigation using gridded precipitation reveals that the similar mean and extreme precipitation increases are observed over the wider regions in East Asia, including central China and southern Japan. This result implies that the long‐term precipitation change over South Korea is related to a large‐scale circulation change in the East Asian summer monsoon.

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“…In particular, the RainDP and HC were approximately 68% in summer, which is similar to previous findings over China (Zhang et al [42]). In the summer, the deep convection usually occurs due to the surface heating by the strong solar radiation [43][44][45]. Furthermore, the dynamic instability increased during the summer rainy seasons and precipitation frequently occurred.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Cloud Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Cloud Occurrence and Vertical Structure Observed by a Ground-Based Ka-Band Cloud Radar in South Korea

Jung

Shin

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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The cloud measurements for two years from the vertical pointing Ka-band cloud radar at Boseong in Korea are used to analyze detailed cloud properties. The reflectivity of the cloud radar is calibrated with other vertical pointing radars compared with the two disdrometers. A simple threshold-based quality control method is applied to eliminate non-meteorological echoes (insects and noise) in conjunction with despeckling along the radial direction. Clouds are classified into five types: high (HC), middle (MC), low (LC) for non-precipitating clouds, and deep (RainDP) and shallow (RainSH) for precipitating clouds. The average cloud frequency was about 35.9% with the maximum frequency of 50% in June for the total two-year sampling period. The RainDP occurred most frequently (11.8%), followed by HC (9.3%), MC (7.4%), RainSH (4.4%), and LC (2.9%) out of the average occurrence of the total 35.9%. HC and RainDP were frequently observed in summer and autumn, while RainSH, LC, and MC were dominant in the winter due to the dominant cloud development by the air-sea interaction during the cold air outbreak. The HC showed a significant seasonal variation of the maximum height and the rapid growth in the layer above 7 km (about −15 °C) in summer and autumn. This rapid growth appears in HC, MC, LC, and RainDP and is linked with rapid increases in Doppler velocity and mass flux. Thus, this growth is originated from the dominant riming processes in addition to depositional growth and is supported by an updraft in the layer between 6 and 8 km. MC showed a single frequency peak around 6 km with rapid growth above and strong evaporation below. The Doppler velocity of MC rapidly increases above 8 km and is nearly constant below this height due to strong evaporation except in the summer. LC had a similar trend of reflectivity (rapid growth in the HC region and strong evaporation in the lower region) lacking high frequency in the MC region. Unlike LC, the RainDP had continuous growth toward the ground in the entire layer with rapid growth in the HC and MC regions. In addition, two modes (cloud and precipitation) appear on the ground in spring and fall with the vertical continuity of the high frequency in the precipitation mode. The precipitation growth was most efficient in RainSH in summer with a reflectivity gradient of about 20 dBZ km−1 and frequent updrafts larger than 1 m s−1 and was smaller in the MC and HC regions.

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Classification of Localized Heavy Rainfall Events in South Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation over Korea to Convective Parameterizations in the RegCM4: An Updated Assessment

Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation over Korea to Convective Parameterizations in the RegCM4: An Updated Assessment

Long‐term change of summer mean and extreme precipitations in Korea and East Asia

Statistical Characteristics of Cloud Occurrence and Vertical Structure Observed by a Ground-Based Ka-Band Cloud Radar in South Korea

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