Classification of Turkish forests by altitudinal zones to improve silvicultural practice: a case-study of Turkish high mountain forests

Çolak, Alper H.; Rotherham, Ian D.

doi:10.1505/ifor.9.2.641

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Over the past centuries, Thracian forests have suffered heavy destruction, and 85% of old broadleaf forests had changed to coppice forests making it difficult to come across big old oak trees (Eraslan & Evcimen 1967). However, recent changes imposed by the Turkish Forestry Directorate favor the maintenance of a tall canopy composed of naturally regenerating trees (Colak & Rotterham 2007).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Turkish General Directorate of Forestry abandoned the practice in 2006, and a "close-to-nature" approach has been adopted where conversion to high forest originating from seed is promoted. This approach reflects a shift from a pure timber production objective to a more holistic objective that includes habitat conservation for wildlife (Colak & Rotterham 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in Northwestern Turkey

Beşkardeş¹,

Keten²,

Kumbaşlı³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Coppice management results in profound differences in forest structure and composition, which in turn can modify habitat value for bird species. We measured bird species richness and composition at 50 sample plots in pure oak forest stands in northwestern Turkey, which differed in age, cover and height in association with coppice management. We recorded a total of 38 bird species and 699 individuals across all stands. Regression-based multimodel inference showed that structural features of forest stands strongly affect bird diversity and abundance. While canopy cover and tree height affect bird diversity positively, elevation of sampling plots, tree density and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) had a negative effect. In addition, constrained ordination analyses revealed that canopy cover was the most important factor influencing bird species composition. Forest stands that have 42-85% canopy cover, i.e., a few (2009-2580 oak trees) large tall (13.36-15.78 m) trees, were the most preferred habitat by bird species. However, we also found that different bird species favor different stand structural features. Thus, variation in stand structure from maintaining some coppice management across the landscape may be beneficial for rare or endangered species and result in greater landscape level biodiversity.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in Northwestern Turkey

Beşkardeş¹,

Keten²,

Kumbaşlı³

et al. 2018

iForest

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“…M. is one of the major species for afforestations as it is resistant to drought, frost damages and poor soils growing at the boundaries of steppe in the interior parts of the mountains in its distribution areas (Saatçioðlu 1969;Browicz 1982;Yücedað et al 2010;Douaihy et al 2011). In Turkey, it has a wide natural distribution in northern, western, central, and southern Anatolia, especially in the Taurus and Anti-Taurus Mountains (Yaltýrýk 1993) and grows between altitudes of 300 to 2300 m (Çolak and Rotherham 2007). This species, forming pure and mixed stands in Turkey (Avºar and Tonguç 2003), has economical functions due to the durability of its timber (Uçar and Balaban 2002), and organic and inorganic components in their cones (Baytop 1999).…”

Section: Vol 70 65-72mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences among Juniperus excelsa populations as revealed at morphological traits

Yücedağ¹,

Gailing²

2013

Dendrobiology

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Abstract:The comparison of phenotypic trait differentiation and genetic differentiation at selectively neutral genetic markers can indicate divergent selection on traits. Phenotypic trait differentiation (P ST ) and two multivariate analysis methods were used to determine the level of differentiation and relationships among seven Juniperus excelsa populations based on 13 morphological characters of their cones, seeds, juvenile seedlings and 1+0 year old seedlings. Significant differences among populations were found for all morphological characters (P<0.001) apart from cotyledon length using ANOVA. According to Penrose and Squared Euclidean distances, the southeastern populations Bucak-Kestel and Gölhisar-Gölhisar (0.970; 12.374) were most similar. Aksu-Sorgun and Eðirdir-Barla populations, separated by a mountain range, were the most different populations (4.647; 47.157). Evaluated as a whole, both multivariate analysis methods gave similar results. Phenotypic trait differentiation (P ST ) for 1+0 year old seedlings that were grown in a common environment was similar in magnitude for the majority of traits as genetic differentiation at nuclear microsatellite markers (F ST ) suggesting the absence of divergent selection on these traits.

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“…This diversity is also increased with regional differences since Turkey is located at the intersection of three phyto-geographical regions: Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian (Çolak and Rotherham, 2007;Parolly, 2004). Therefore, Turkey has a rich flora in terms of total number of species (c. 12 000), and especially the number of endemics (more than 3 000) (Efe, 2010;Atalay and Efe 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turkey can be accepted as a mountainous country with an average altitude of 1132 m and most of the forests occur in the mountain zones (Atalay and Efe, 2015;Çolak and Rotherham, 2007). For this reason, mountains are very important for conservation of forests and biodiversity besides contributing to the local economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest communities and ecological differentiation of the Mt. Elmacik (Duzce, Turkey)

Aksoy¹,

Çoban²

2017

JEB

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Aim : Methodology :Results : I n t e r p r e t a t i o n :This research is based on vegetation elaboration of Elmacik Mountain in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey, which has a quite rich floristic and vegetation diversity.Since varied ecological conditions cause a diverse vegetation in the region, vegetationenvironment relation was analyzed with multivariate statistical techniques. In the context of the study, syntaxonomical scheme of the region was introduced and ecological characteristics of the main forest types and vegetation data were analyzed using environmental variables and Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) derived from species composition.The forest vegetation was presented by 2 classes and 2 orders which contained 4 alliances and 11 associations. Constrained ordination revealed that the altitude is the most important factor affecting species composition (23.1 %), followed by soil depth (19.1 %). However, when conditional effects of variables are considered, forest cover (16.7 %) had the highest contribution following altitude (23.1 %). Hyperico calycini-Quercetum petraea had the highest species diversity because of one-storied and light penetrating leaf structure. However, Rhododenro pontici-Fagetum orientalis had the lowest species diversity due to a dense shrub cover consisting of Rhododendron ponticum. Average EIVs for continentality, soil nutrient and light were positively correlated with altitude and nutrient EIVs with soil depth, stand height and cover. Radiation index calculated from latitude, slope degree and aspect showed correlation with light and continentality EIVs.

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Classification of Turkish forests by altitudinal zones to improve silvicultural practice: a case-study of Turkish high mountain forests

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in Northwestern Turkey

Bird composition and diversity in oak stands under variable coppice management in Northwestern Turkey

Differences among Juniperus excelsa populations as revealed at morphological traits

Forest communities and ecological differentiation of the Mt. Elmacik (Duzce, Turkey)

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