Classifications of mandibular canal branching: A review of literature

Castro, Maurício Augusto Aquino de; Lagravère-Vich, Manuel O.; Amaral, Tânia Mara Pimenta; Abreu, Mauro Henrique Guimaraes; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves

doi:10.4329/wjr.v7.i12.531

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To the best of our knowledge, the current report describes the CBCT findings of a novel anatomical variant characterized by the presence of a triple mandibular canal associated with a double mandibular foramen; a variant that is not included in the classification systems of mandibular canal branching [2,11], and that has not been reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen: cone-beam computed tomography findings of an unexpected anatomical variant

Borghesi

Bondioni

2021

Folia Morphol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mandibular canal is a bony channel located within the spongiosa of the mandible. The main structure contained in the mandibular canal is the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The IAN is a very important structure that requires due consideration during dental or surgical procedures involving the mandible. Therefore, a detailed morphological analysis of the mandibular canal should be carried out before any surgical procedure in the mandibular region in order to avoid complications and to reduce the risk of inadequate local nerve blocking. The human mandible typically has a single mandibular canal on each side; however, accessory mandibular canals have been described previously in the literature. The most common variant of the mandibular canal is the bifid mandibular canal, which has a prevalence ranging from 10-66% on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. A rare variant of bifid mandibular canal is the trifid canal, accounting for less than 6% of all bifid canals. In some cases, the bifid and trifid mandibular canals are associated with a double mandibular foramen, which is a rare anatomical variant with a reported incidence of 1.35% on CBCT images. Herein, we present the interesting CBCT images of an unexpected anatomical variant characterized by unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen in a young Caucasian woman.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen: cone-beam computed tomography findings of an unexpected anatomical variant

Borghesi

Bondioni

2021

Folia Morphol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The neurovascular canals and foramens consist of the bifid mandibular canal (BMC) [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], accessory mental foramen (AMF) [18] , medial lingual canal (MLC) [19] , lateral lingual canal (LLC) [19] , buccal foramen (BF) [20] , and lingual alveolar canal (LAC) [21] . Several researchers have used panoramic images and computed tomography (CT) images to classify the BMC, based on its anatomical location and configuration [ 8 , 12 , 17 , 22 ]. The detection rate of the BMC is better with CT images (10.2%–64.8%) than with panoramic images (0.08%–8.3%) [ 1 , 5 , 8 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical distribution of neurovascular canals and foramens in the mandible: avoiding complications resulting from their injury during oral surgical procedures

Moro

Abe

Yokomizo

et al. 2018

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeCertain oral surgical procedures can injure neurovascular canals and foramens in the mandible. Hence, before performing surgical procedures, it is important to assess the distribution of the bifid mandibular canal (BMC), accessory mental foramen (AMF), medial lingual canal (MLC), lateral lingual canal (LLC), buccal foramen (BF), and lingual alveolar canal (LAC). This study aimed to assess the distribution of different types of canals and foramens. Furthermore, we investigated the limitations associated with finding these structures in panoramic images.MethodsFifty-eight patients who had undergone panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) scans at our hospital were randomly selected for this study. Imaging data obtained from these patients were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsWe found that the occurrence of BMC was 60.3%, AMF was 6.9%, MLC was 98.2%, LLC was 75.9%, BF was 43.1%, and LAC was 98.3%. Edge-contrasted inverted panoramic images revealed BMCs in 21.7% and AMFs in 25%; however, most of these canals could not be detected. In the panoramic images, the average diameter of the BMC was significantly different between the detected group and not detected group. The number of canals and foramens in the anterior region to the molar region decreased on the buccal and lingual sides, and most BMCs were in the retromolar to the ramus region.ConclusionOur results indicated different distributions and occurrence rates of each type of neurovascular canal and foramens.

show abstract

“…Various types of bifid mandibular canals have been defined and several classifications have been used in the literature according to anatomical location and configuration. However, these classifications were mainly referred to bifurcation that located in the mandibular ramus or at most extend to the molar region 31 (Figure 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining types were retromolar and forward types. However, the reported prevalence of bifurcation types varied in the literature 31 . Moreover, lack of standardization in classification used in different investigations makes it difficult to compare these studies.…”

Section: Classification: the Forward Canal Included With Confluence (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of double mandibular canals and types of bifid canals in dry skulls

Öztürk¹,

Tayman

Potluri³

2020

Balkan J Dent Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and morphologic mandibular canal variations in dry skulls.Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained of 57 skulls among the academic collection at the University of Pittsburgh. Orthodontic wire was inserted through the mandibular canal as a reference point at panoramic images for localization of the course of the mandibular canal.Results: Double mandibular canals were present in 2 out of 57 skulls (3,5%); one of them was unilateral the other one was bilateral. Additionally, bifurcation of the mandibular canal and different types of configurations were assessed. In five of the specimens (8,8%) bifid canals were identified. Among them, one case (1,7%) was identified as a forward type. In one case additional canal (1,7%), was detected in the retromolar region, which joined the main canal. Three of the specimens (5,3%) showed accessory canal types. These were the canals that detached from the main canal and proceeded towards the molar teeth roots (dental type). All of these bifid canal types were unilateral.Conclusions: Our results depicted the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Dental practitioners should be aware of this underestimated but not a rare occurrence of mandibular canal variations in order to avoid complication during surgical procedures.

show abstract

Classifications of mandibular canal branching: A review of literature

Abstract: Three-dimensional exams appear to be the best method to view mandibular canal branching. Further studies are warranted to determine its true prevalence and questions concerning to associations.

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen: cone-beam computed tomography findings of an unexpected anatomical variant

Unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen: cone-beam computed tomography findings of an unexpected anatomical variant

Topographical distribution of neurovascular canals and foramens in the mandible: avoiding complications resulting from their injury during oral surgical procedures

Observation of double mandibular canals and types of bifid canals in dry skulls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About