Based on the research purpose of improving teachers’ classroom management ability and teaching quality, this paper utilizes artificial intelligence technology to design an intelligent classroom management system to assist teachers in timely grasping the performance of students in the classroom and making adjustments. The ArcFace algorithm is selected to construct a face recognition model, and an additive angular margin loss is added to the algorithm to achieve intra-class compactness so as to improve the accuracy of the algorithm for face recognition. The face features recognized by the ArcFace model are extracted through the resnet18 network structure, and the softmax function is used to calculate the identity probability of the ArcFace model to realize the classification of the recognized face expressions. Based on the face recognition model, an intelligent classroom management system is constructed, and an innovative method of calculating students’ classroom concentration is added to grasp the degree of concentration of students in the classroom in real time. The model in this paper can achieve over 80% accuracy in recognizing 8 types of expressions. The results of student concentration can effectively reflect the concentration of students at all stages of the classroom and send reminders at the right time. After using the intelligent classroom management system in this paper, the student’s performance shows a more significant improvement, which fully verifies the role of the system in assisting teachers in classroom management and improving the quality of students’ learning.