Cleansing technique using high-velocity steam–air micromist jet spray

Abstract

Application of a high-velocity steam-air micromist jet spray (HVS-AMJS; micromist average diameter: 2.4 μm) for cleansing the skin is proposed. Low-pressure steam is mixed with compressed air (pH 6.5) in a nozzle, and then sprayed at a pressure of ≦0.25 MPa and a velocity of ≧0.34 m/s on the skin or surface of material located approximately 5-10 cm from the nozzle. The temperature on the sprayed surface and water flow rate could be controlled between 42 °C and 46 °C and at approximately 50 mL/min, respectively. Compared with ultrasonic cleansing with tap water and rubbing with only tap water, the HVS-AMJS successfully removed fluorescent lotion covering pieces of wood and significantly reduced both the number of coliforms and the total viable counts on pieces of wood and gauze. Furthermore, the HVS-AMJS effectively removed oily ink from the skin of hairless rats, and temporarily elevated the skin temperature and blood flow, indicating massage effects. The striking characteristics of this cleansing technique using HVS-AMJS are not only its ability to remove microbes and residue without using any chemicals or detergents but also its massage effects.

Application of Colloidal Dispersions of Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) for Disinfection

“…Various amounts of 1 N HCl were added to 5 mL of 0.4 wt.% BiSCaO or BiSCa(OH) 2 colloidal dispersions containing 75 wt.% PP compared with BiSCaO or BiSCa(OH) 2 to adjust the pH from, strongly alkaline (>12) to weakly acidic (≈5). A suspension of normal bacterial flora (total viable cells (TC) and coliform bacteria (CF)) was prepared by incubating the leftover bath water with 10% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) at 37 • C for 24 h [11,24,25]. Each colloidal dispersion (5 mL) was added to 5 mL of the bacterial suspension, mixed well, and incubated at room temperature for 15 min, then the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per sample was determined by pouring 1 mL of each mixture gently into individual Petri-dishes containing pre-aliquoted portions of simple and easy dry medium for TC or CF (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) [11,24,25], then incubating the plates for 24 h in a 37 • C incubator (Alp Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…We investigated the antimicrobial efficacies of BiSCaO and BiSCa(OH) 2 colloidal dispersions. A suspension of normal bacterial flora (total viable cells (TC) and coliform bacteria (CF)) was prepared by incubating leftover bath water with 10% DMEM at 37 • C for 24 h [24,25]. The TC and CF cell counts increased from 100 ± 45 and 65 ± 30 to 8.6 ± 1.5 (×10 6 ) CFU/mL and 8.4 ± 1.8 (×10 6 ) CFU/mL, respectively.…”

“…Both BiSCaO and BiSCa(OH) 2 are poorly water-soluble under strongly alkaline conditions (pH > 11.5). Consequently, water suspensions of high concentrations of BiSCaO and BiSCa(OH) 2 can result in significant loss and can plug spray nozzles due to precipitation [14,15]. We previously reported preventing the precipitation of a BiSCaO dispersion by adding phosphate compounds such as Na 3 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , or NaH 2 PO 4 .…”

Skin Cleansing Technique with Disinfectant using Improved High-Velocity Steam-Air Micromist Jet Spray

“…Povidone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate with 10-fold higher concentrations than BiSCaO did not remove bacteria. A cleansing technique using a HVS-AMJS with tap water or saline has been proposed to remove residue and microbes from skin wounds without using any chemical disinfectants or detergents (Fukuda et al, 2017) . Although the HVS-AMJS can effectively remove microbes, it is difficult to completely disinfect with the HVS-AMJS alone, without combining it with any disinfectant.…”

Comparison of Various Disinfectants on Bactericidal Activity Under Organic Matter Contaminated Environments

“…Slurries of heated shell micro/nanoparticles particle diameter range: 50 nm 10 µm were prepared by grinding shells heated to over 1100 in a wet bead-the incubation, the number of colonies in each dish reached an average CFU/mL for TC and CF of about 10 10 6 and about 2 10 6 , respectively. To prepare wood scraps and pig skin pieces with normal bacterial flora, wood scraps 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 0.2 cm and pig skin pieces 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 0.2 cm were placed in bath test sample water with normal bacterial flora, incubated at 37 on a shaker for 24 h, rinsed twice with pure water Fukuda et al, 2017 , put into 10 mL pure water, and vortexed hardly for 1 min. The average number of TC and CF in wood scraps was 3 10 6 and 2 10 6 CFU/mL, respectively.…”