Clearance of Sulfamethoxazole in Eggs and Tissues of Chickens

Abstract

Clearance of sulfamethoxazole (SMX, or sulfisomezole) in eggs and tissues of chicken after withdrawal of the drug which was medicated feed additively (at 0.2 or 0.4%) or administered intramuscularly (100 mg./kg., twice daily) for 5 successive days was determined using a fluorescamine reagent. Clearance patterns of SMX were found to be different between albumen and yolk. SMX level in albumen diminished linearly to below 0.1 p.p.m. (sensitivity level) by 5 days after the cessation of medication. On the other hand, SMX level in yolk remained at a plateau until 4 days, and thereafter decreased linearly to below 0.1 p.p.m. by 10 days. SMX levels in most tissues diminished below 0.1 p.p.m. by 3 days and those in kidney and skin by 4 days. Clearance patterns in tissue were quite similar to those in egg albumen. Proportion of acetylated-SMX to total-one in both albumen and yolk tended to increase up to 10% with the lapse of time after drug withdrawal. Acetylation was high in liver (36.5-43.6%), spleen skin and fat, but low in breast muscle and kidney (3.7-11%) in the groups of feed addition; while acetylation was low in liver of the group of intramuscular injection.

Sulphonamide residues in eggs following drug administration via the drinking water

“…It is interesting to observe the preferential deposition of sulphonamides in the albu-men (76±85%) rather than in the yolk. This pattern was already reported for SDM (Blom 1975b, Geerstma et al 1987, SDT (Nagata et al 1992, Furusawa et al 1994, other sulphonamidesÐsulphaquinoxaline (Blom 1975b, Sakano et al 1981, Romvary and Simon 1992, Petz 1993) and sulphamethoxazole (Oikawa et al 1977)Ðand other polar drugs such as quinolones, i.e.¯umequine (Riberzani et al 1993), enro¯oxacin (Gorla 1997) and oxolinic acid (Roudaut 1998). This is probably due to the greater solubility of these weak acid drugs in a basic matrix like albumen (pH 7.6).…”

Residues of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in eggs following oral sulphadimidine medication of hens

“…Reported residue disappearance times varied from a few days to several weeks, depending on the drug involved, on its dosage and the duration of the medication, and on the analytical procedure employed (2,4,5,12). For antimicrobial drugs such as aminoglycosides (27), tetracyclines (25,26), macrolides (23,24), chloramphenicol (9,17,20), furazolidone (3,11,17), and various sulphonamides (4,5,10,16), the times required to obtain a 10 to 200 ng/g level in eggs ranged from 0 to 14 days. In poultry farming, sulphonamides are widely used for the treatment of coccidiosis and infectious coryza.…”

Pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole in calves and cows

“…In animals, however, this kind of information is limited. The reported elimination half-lives of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) are varying (2,4,5,7,8,11,12,13,14); e.g., in man 9.5 h, in the dog 8 h, in the horse 5 h, in the cow 2.5 h, in the buffalo 7 h, in the pig 3 h, in sheep 2 h and in the cat 10 h. With respect to its metabolism, SMZ is predominantly acetylated in man, the penguin, the cat and sheep, but in the dog, the homing pigeon, the snail and the water turtle hydroxylation predominates (14,15,16,17,18).…”