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Gossett, Jennifer; Byrne, Sarah

doi:10.1177/089124302236992

Cited by 93 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Pornographic media are complex stimuli (D. ; although they primarily involve the depiction of nudity and sexual behavior (Kohut, 2014), the manner and context in which this is represented differ tremendously from stimulus to stimulus. A review of content analyses of pornographic materials reveals substantial variation in depictions of nudity and sexual activity across a range of content-dimensions (see Barron & Kimmel, 2000;Bogaert, Turkovich, & Hafer, 1993;Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010;Brosius, Weaver, & Staab, 1993;Cowan & Campbell, 1994;Cowan, Lee, Levy, & Snyder, 1988;Dietz & Evans, 1982;Fritz & Paul, 2017;Garcia & Milano, 1991;Gossett & Byrne, 2002;Harmon & Boeringer, 1997;Klaassen & Peter, 2015;Mehta & Plaza, 1997;Paasonen, 2006;Palmer, 1979;Palys, 1986;Rosegrant, 1986;Scott & Cuvelier, 1987b, 1987aSmith, 1976;Vannier, Currie, & O'Sullivan, 2014;Winick, 1985;Yang & Linz, 1990). Pornographic depictions vary in their degree of explicitness (e.g., extent of nudity, genital detail, etc.…”

Section: Content Differences In Pornographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveying Pornography Use: A Shaky Science Resting on Poor Measurement Foundations

Kohut

Balzarini

Fisher

et al. 2019

The Journal of Sex Research

125

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A great deal of pornography research relies on dubious measurements. Measurement of pornography use has been highly variable across studies and existing measurement approaches have not been developed using standard psychometric practices nor have they addressed construct validation or reliability. This state of affairs is problematic for the accumulation of knowledge about the nature of pornography use, its antecedents, correlates, and consequences, as it can contribute to inconsistent results across studies and undermine the generalizability of research findings. This article provides a summary of contemporary measurement practices in pornography research accompanied by an explication of the problems therein. It also offers suggestions on how best to move forward by adopting a more limited set of standardized and validated instruments. We recommend that the creation of such instruments be guided by the careful and thorough conceptualization of pornography use and systematic adherence to measurement development principles. the desire to seek out and use pornography or to report such use. Indeed, in the example outlined above, the difference in the estimates provided by Hong et al. (2007) and O'Reilly et al. (2007) may partially reflect differences between Chinese and American students. Sample composition, however, is not the whole story. Large ranges in estimates of pornography use are still reported when comparing studies that are relatively homogenous with respect to sample characteristics. Pornography use estimates restricted to American collegeaged males, for example, suggest variously that 59%

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Section: Content Differences In Pornographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveying Pornography Use: A Shaky Science Resting on Poor Measurement Foundations

Kohut

Balzarini

Fisher

et al. 2019

The Journal of Sex Research

125

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“…Pornography that depicts women as promiscuous or as sex objects (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009), or as being dominated or even degraded by men (Dines, 2010) may promote attitudes supporting violence due to "sexual callousness" in beliefs and behaviour. Moreover, content analyses have identified portrayals of sexual aggression in pornography (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010;Gossett & Byrne, 2002), which may serve to normalise sexual coercion.…”

Section: Links Of Pornography Use With Risky Sexual Scripts and Attitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students: links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity

Tomaszewska

Krahé

2016

Journal of Sexual Aggression

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The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants' risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour.

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“…That is an increase from the 1980s, when 78 percent of pornography scenes in X-rated movies portrayed sexual dominance of men over women and 73 percent portrayed physical aggression toward women (Cowan, Lee, Levy, and Snyder 1988). Furthermore, although pornography explicitly appealing to rape fantasies was once difficult to obtain, it is now readily available online (Gossett and Byrne 2002). These images align with cultural myths that normalize or trivialize rape, such as the myth that women who are raped “asked for” or enjoy it and the myth that women of color cannot be raped (Burt 1980; Lonsway and Fitzgerald 1994), raising concerns that pornography contributes to violence against women and providing a cultural context for grooming of viewers into believing that the women of pornography enjoy sexual degradation and violence (Bridges 2010; Dines 2010; Jensen 2007; Whisnant 2010).…”

Section: Pornographicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

Lykke

Cohen

2015

Social Currents

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In the last several decades pornography in the U.S. has become more mainstream, more accessible, more phallocentric and more degrading to women. Further, consumption of pornography remains a major difference in the sexual experiences of men and women. Yet research has not addressed how opposition to pornography has changed over the this period, despite shifts in the accessibility and visibility of pornography as well as new cultural and legal issues presented by the advent of Internet pornography. We examine gender differences in opposition to pornography from 1975 to 2012, measured by support for legal censorship of pornography in the General Social Survey. Results show that both men's and women's opposition to pornography have decreased significantly over the past 40 years, suggesting a cultural shift toward "pornographication" affecting attitudes. However, women remain more opposed to pornography than men, and men's opposition has declined faster, so the gender gap in opposition to pornography has widened, indicating further divergence of men's and women's sexual attitudes over time. This is consistent with the increasingly normative nature of pornography consumption for men, increases over time in men's actual consumption of pornography, and its increasingly degrading depiction of women.

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“Click Here”

Cited by 93 publications

References 27 publications

Surveying Pornography Use: A Shaky Science Resting on Poor Measurement Foundations

Surveying Pornography Use: A Shaky Science Resting on Poor Measurement Foundations

Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students: links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity

The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

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