Climate and Weather Condition of Balochistan Province, Pakistan

Abstract

The study discusses the climate of Balochistan with a special focus on the variation of weather conditiontaking into account the mean monthly precipitation, temperature, humidity, atmospheric circulation, air pressure,evapotranspiration and solar energy covering the time duration of 1931-2020 (normal data). The physical barriers thatbring variations in the climate of Balochistan contain geographical location, ocean, geomorphology, land use, naturalvegetation, and continental extent. Based on precipitation, the province has been divided into two main regions that arearid and semi-arid, while the temperature zones are hot, warm, mild and cool. The southern and eastern part of theprovince receives heavy rain in the summers (monsoon), whereas it is from the western depressions during the winterseason. Balochistan experiences four rainy seasons in winter (cold), pre-monsoon season (warm), monsoon season(hot), and post-monsoon season (mild). Owing to tropical (coastal) and sub-tropical continental characteristics, the areafamiliarizes two foremost seasons namely winter and summer. The summers of the area long for 5 months in hilly areaswhile 7 months in continental plains and coastal regions; whereas, winters cover five months in the plains and sevenmonths in the mountains. Based on the appropriation and fluctuation in climate constituents, Balochistan has beenclassified into two main, 6 meso, and 9 microclimate and weather zones. According to Global Climate Risk Index,2021, Pakistan has been ranked at 8th in the list of top ten global climate high-risk countries, which are exposed to theongoing climate change and requires attention to resolve the issue.

Estimation of regional meteorological aridity and drought characteristics in Baluchistan province, Pakistan

“…The Sulaiman-Kirthar mountains extend from the northeast to the south-east up to Makran ranges in coastal areas having rugged and dry topography. It is the largest province of Pakistan in area, spanning over 347,220 square kilometers which is 44% of the country area [ 46 ]. Baluchistan is located 24.89° to 32.098° N latitude and 60.87° to 70.30° E longitude.…”

Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change on the Coastal Areas of Balochistan

“…Moreover, temperature increases, with winter warming surpassing summer warming, have risen by 0.6°C over the previous century, owing to global climate change (Shahzad et al, 2022). Baluchistan, which has a key 770kilometer coastline, faces undeveloped coastal regions as well as climate-induced stresses (Waldmüller et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2021). The province's arid and semi-dry climate, impacted by a variety of causes, underscores the coastal towns' reliance on marine resources, agriculture, and tourism (Ullah et al, 2022;Naz et al, 2020).…”

Monitoring the shelf life of extra virgin olive oil using Fluorescence spectroscopy

“…Al-Jouf region have appropriate soil properties. Summers in Al-Jouf are long and extremely hot, while winter is short with average temperatures of 26 degree Celsius which throughout the olive oil production process is crucial to preserve the quality and freshness of the oil and consequently show more stability (Attia Ibrahim and Ramadan Alshathly 2017;Fraihat et al 2018) (Khan et al 2021…”