Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in the Mekong Delta

Toan, To Quang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800007-6.00009-5

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The lower Mekong Basin and coastal regions of southern Vietnam are highly vulnerable to global climate change impacts [ 9 , 33 , 42 , 43 ]. Most of Vietnam’s Melaleuca forests occur in these areas and will be affected projected sea-level rise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of disturbed Melaleuca forests in Southern Vietnam

Tran

Hoang

Dargusch

2015

Carbon Balance Manage

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BackgroundIn the lower Mekong Basin and coastal zones of Southern Vietnam, forests dominated by the genus Melaleuca have two notable features: most have been substantially disturbed by human activity and can now be considered as degraded forests; and most are subject to acute pressures from climate change, particularly in regards to changes in the hydrological and sodicity properties of forest soil.ResultsData was collected and analyzed from five typical Melaleuca stands including: (1) primary Melaleuca forests on sandy soil (VS1); (2) regenerating Melaleuca forests on sandy soil (VS2); (3) degraded secondary Melaleuca forests on clay soil with peat (VS3); (4) regenerating Melaleuca forests on clay soil with peat (VS4); and (5) regenerating Melaleuca forests on clay soil without peat (VS5). Carbon densities of VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4, and VS5 were found to be 275.98, 159.36, 784.68, 544.28, and 246.96 tC/ha, respectively. The exchangeable sodium percentage of Melaleuca forests on sandy soil showed high sodicity, while those on clay soil varied from low to moderate sodicity.ConclusionsThis paper presents the results of an assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of natural Melaleuca cajuputi communities in Southern Vietnam, in order to gather better information to support the improved management of forests in the region. The results provide important information for the future sustainable management of Melaleuca forests in Vietnam, particularly in regards to forest carbon conservation initiatives and the potential of Melaleuca species for reforestation initiatives on degraded sites with highly sodic soils.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13021-015-0025-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of disturbed Melaleuca forests in Southern Vietnam

Tran

Hoang

Dargusch

2015

Carbon Balance Manage

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“…Le et al (2007) found rising water levels at some stations in the VMD and linked these changes to infrastructure development during the period 1996-2002. Similarly, Toan (2014) reported an unprecedented change in tidal levels at Can Tho after 2000. On the other hand, Fujihara et al (2016) concluded that infrastructure development until 2006 had minor impacts.…”

Section: Step-change Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The average inundation depth varies from 0.5 to 4.0 m and lasts for 3 to 6 months (Toan, 2014;Xo et al, 2015). The floodplains are protected by extensive dyke systems, both low dykes and high dykes, with a total length of over 13 000 km, of which 8000 km comprises low dykes with crest levels vary from 1.5 to 4.0 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a low-lying coastal region, the VMD is susceptible to both riverine and tidal floods, threatening agricultural production and the safety of people (Schumann et al, 2008;Kuenzer et al, 2013;Le et al, 2007;Dung et al, 2009;Dung et al, 2011;Van et al, 2012). Climate change and sea level rise are expected to increase the risk, not only due to flooding but also due to droughts and salinity intrusion (Wassmann et al, 2004;Khang et al, 2008;Toan, 2014;Hak et al, 2016). Further, the region faces severe sediment…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Has dyke development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta shifted flood hazard downstream?

Triet

Dũng

Fujii

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta (VMD) the areas with three rice crops per year have been expanded rapidly during the last 15 years. Paddy-rice cultivation during the flood season has been made possible by implementing high-dyke flood defenses and flood control structures. However, there are widespread claims that the highdyke system has increased water levels in downstream areas. Our study aims at resolving this issue by attributing observed changes in flood characteristics to high-dyke construction and other possible causes. Maximum water levels and duration above the flood alarm level are analysed for gradual trends and step changes at different discharge gauges. Strong and robust increasing trends of peak water levels and duration downstream of the high-dyke areas are found with a step change in 2000/2001, i.e. immediately after the disastrous flood which initiated the high-dyke development. These changes are in contrast to the negative trends detected at stations upstream of the high-dyke areas. This spatially different behaviour of changes in flood characteristics seems to support the public claims. To separate the impact of the highdyke development from the impact of the other drivers -i.e. changes in the flood hydrograph entering the Mekong Delta, and changes in the tidal dynamics -hydraulic model simulations of the two recent large flood events in 2000 and 2011 are performed. The hydraulic model is run for a set of scenarios whereas the different drivers are interchanged. The simulations reveal that for the central VMD an increase of 9-13 cm in flood peak and 15 days in duration can be attributed to high-dyke development. However, for this area the tidal dynamics have an even larger effect in the range of 19-32 cm. However, the relative contributions of the three drivers of change vary in space across the delta. In summary, our study confirms the claims that the high-dyke development has raised the flood hazard downstream. However, it is not the only and not the most important driver of the observed changes. It has to be noted that changes in tidal levels caused by sea level rise in combination with the widely observed land subsidence and the temporal coincidence of high water levels and spring tides have even larger impacts. It is recommended to develop flood risk management strategies using the high-dyke areas as retention zones to mitigate the flood hazard downstream.

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“…For the equity part, we observe the spatial distribution of rice farming profitability (the unit) across the different districts (the scope) in the upper VMD. Being the world's third largest delta, the VMD provides 55% of the total rice production of Vietnam and contributes to more than 85% of the country's rice export (GSO, 2019;Toan, 2014). The VMD faces both uncertain climatic and anthropogenic pressures (Duc et al, 2019;Dung, Merz, Bárdossy, & Apel, 2015;Manh, Dung, Hung, Kummu, et al, 2015), which, in interaction with adaptation policies, affect flood risk, land-use change, land subsidence, and the deposition of nutritious sediments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for Multisectoral Dynamics in Supporting Equitable Adaptation Planning: A Case Study on the Rice Agriculture in the Vietnam Mekong Delta

et al. 2021

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Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in the Mekong Delta

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

An assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of disturbed Melaleuca forests in Southern Vietnam

An assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of disturbed Melaleuca forests in Southern Vietnam

Has dyke development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta shifted flood hazard downstream?

Accounting for Multisectoral Dynamics in Supporting Equitable Adaptation Planning: A Case Study on the Rice Agriculture in the Vietnam Mekong Delta

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