“…Seth Etuah, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana recognised approach that enables farmers to address food and livelihood security issues while adapting to climate variations in an environmentally sustainable manner (Masipa, 2017;Brouziyne et al, 2023) with minimal greenhouse gas emissions (Kangogo et al, 2021). It takes a holistic approach to tackle the interconnected challenges of food security and climate change (Akzar and Amandaria, 2021;World Bank, 2023). Introduced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2010, CSA gained rapid acceptance in many agricultural systems in Zimbabwe, particularly in Masvingo, where it aimed to alleviate the hardships faced by farmers dealing with elevated poverty rates, unemployment, increased crime rates, food insecurity, and nutritional deficiencies (Mango et al, 2014;ZIMSTAT, 2016;Zimbabwe Humanitarian Appeal Revision Report, 2020, 7).…”