This study aims to understand and profile smallholder farmers' technology adoption status. We collected cross‐sectional data from 600 smallholder dairy farming households in West Java, Indonesia. A Latent class cluster analysis identified two unique clusters of smallholder dairy farmers based on patterns in their adoption status of multiple dairy farming technologies. Cluster 1 (Low awareness/low adoption) had significantly lower awareness of all technologies, and among the “aware” farmers, technology adoption rates were also significantly lower compared to Cluster 2 (High awareness/high adoption). The Low awareness/low adoption cluster was older, had less formal education, managed fewer dairy cows, had less productive and less profitable dairy enterprises, lived further away from their cooperative and farmer group leader, and had fewer contacts with dairy extension staff. Farmers' responses to questions regarding reasons underpinning nonadoption decisions suggest that farmers face multilayered and heterogenous constraints to adopting dairy technologies. This insight can assist government, policymakers, and development professionals in designing technology dissemination programs that meet the unique characteristics of subgroups of farmers, ultimately improving the adoption of technologies. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q16].

This study describes the problem of high dependency on rice consumption in Papua while Papua has several local foods as alternative sources of carbohydrate. The study focuses on Papua province as the region that has many potential on local-non rice food like corn, cassava, and sweet potatoes, which then selected as the study objects. A ten-year series of data from 2006 to 2015 was obtained from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) and analyzed in this study. The results show that the development of local food was relatively slower in Papua Province compared to the national level, except for fish development. It is observed that the program to increase rice production is very intensive while the program to increase local food production has not been a concern of the local government. Programs to increase production, develop cultivation, production, and processing technologies are biased to rice production, resulting in the food diversification program trough local food development is likely difficult to be realized. Papua Province has a comparative advantage in local food because it is supported by the potential of natural resources and the culture of local community. Local food must be encouraged and promoted as–a major, healthy food source and at the same time, support the realization of food diversification programs in Indonesia.

This paper demonstrates the climate change consequences on agricultural sector in the scope of agricultural market and socioeconomic. Agricultural output and food prices would change as the climate change may negatively affect the agricultural input. The implication of climate change on the food security pillars is discussed. It is proposed to apply farming integration system by cultivating local crops that do not harm the environment, which could be developed by local people. Good infrastructure and implementation of research and innovation would be beneficial to deal with the impacts of climate change to promote sustainable economic growth, social development and environment.

Environmental degradation is increasingly threatened in line with the higher pressure on natural resources in an effort to liven up food production and biofuel energy. Food cannot be substituted by other products and can only be expanded through agronomic technology development, while energy can be generated from various sources, including by converting food into biofuels. Food and energy can be developed in Indonesia that has potential on the local endowment to produce food, generate primary energy (solar, wind, and water), and utilise new source renewable energy. In Indonesia, food and energy can be improved with enormous potency on local endowment to mount food production, produce primary energy (solar, wind, and water), as well as finding a new platform of renewable energy sources. Local or native food and the provision of alternative energy sources can encourage economic activity in local communities and promote bargaining positions in the global economy. Development on local food and alternative energy can be done by paying attention the use of local resource, function and role of community development and local organizations to support rural economic development and sustainable agriculture.

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