Climate change impacts on plant diseases

Abstract

The change in Global climate is due to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The earths' observed climatic changes over the past 50 years are primarily caused by various human activities. The increasing global temperature over the past century by about 0.8°C and expected to rise between 0.9 and 3.5°C by 2100. Such changes will not only have a great effect on the growth and cultivation of different crops but also affect the reproduction, spread and severity of many plant pathogens. Various plant disease models have been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions at various levels. At the level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. This review highlights various influences of climate change on plant diseases and their effects with suitable examples.

Modeling and mapping the current and future distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae under climate change in China

“…Climate is a decisive factor in species distribution, while changes in species distribution patterns are the most clear and direct reflection of climate change. Climate change characteristics influenced by global warming have been changing the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, thus changing the biological habitats and geographical distribution of species [ 32 , 36 , 38 , 41 ]. To understand the response of Psa to climate change, we calculated and analyzed the position of the mean center in different grades and the center’s shift over time based on the calculation method used by Yue et al [ 75 ].…”

“…Plant disease is one of the most serious biological disasters to impact agricultural production and is constrained by climate change, host plants, tillage management and farming systems [ 33 – 35 ]. The distribution and abundance of plant diseases are highly influenced by climatic factors (i.e., temperature, moisture, humidity and their seasonal variations) [ 36 , 37 ]. Temperature is one of the most influential environmental factors affecting the distribution and abundance of different species [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

“…Within the affected stands, diseased oak trees are usually observed in patches (often of 0.3–2 ha) in which the proportion of symptomatic oaks is 1–20% (Safaee et al ). Tree mortality events have been reported to increase in a variety of temperate forest ecosystems and were linked to drought stress resulting from elevated temperatures and decreased rainfall (Das et al , Wong and Daniel ). The Zagros forests have experienced severe drought stress in the last decades (Azizi et al , Arsalani et al ) impairing forest health and rendering trees more susceptible to pathogen attack.…”

Monoterpene responses to interacting effects of drought stress and infection by the fungus Heterobasidion parviporum in two clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

“…Regional-scale vegetation mortality events appear to be increasing in a variety of biomes throughout Earth, and are frequently associated with increased temperatures, droughts, and often (but not always) with outbreaks of biotic agents, such as insects and pathogens (Allen et al, 2010;Das et al, 2016;Wong and Daniel, 2017). The physiological mechanisms underlying tree mortality involve the water and carbohydrates storage and transport systems (McDowell et al, 2011).…”