CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE TSENGWEN CREEK WATERSHED IN TAIWAN¹

Abstract

Lu H.-Y. (2014): Characterization of extractable metals from the aquifers with arsenic contamination in the Tsengwen Creek, Taiwan. Soil & Water Res., 9: 66-76. Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a common groundwater problem worldwide. To manage groundwater resources effectively, it is crucial to determine the arsenic source. Taiwan's Tsengwen Creek watershed is one of the known areas for groundwater arsenic contamination. Water-rock interactions are evaluated on a regional scale. A conceptual hydrogeological framework is first established based on groundwater hydrochemistry. The local aquifer system can be categorized into high-arsenic deep aquifer and low-arsenic shallow aquifer. The average geochemistry of sediments indicates that arsenic and heavy metals are not significantly enriched in the deeper aquifer on the scale of the whole watershed. Therefore, arsenic contamination in the deeper groundwater of the Tsengwen Creek watershed is not simply source-controlled. However, the Fe-Mn oxides in sediments contain slightly more arsenic in the deep aquifer. The long residence time of groundwater could magnify the enrichment and cause natural arsenic contamination in the deep aquifer.

Modeling Hydrological Impacts of Groundwater Level in the Context of Climate and Land Cover Change

“…To confront the effects of climate change in the future, land use planning has become one of the most important challenges in Taiwan. One of the strongest influences on Taiwan's hydrological environment resulting from climate change is water resource distribution (Tung 2001). A decrease in medium-and lowintensity rainfall may lead to insufficient water content in the soil and in groundwater, resulting in drought scenarios.…”

The sensitivity of fluvial flood risk in Irish catchments to the range of IPCC AR4 climate change scenarios

“…In this method, the change factor derived from the control and future GCM simulation is used to adjust the observations in an additive way for temperature and in a multiplicative way for precipitation. Alternatively, the GCM-derived changes have also been used to infer changes in the parameters of a weather generator, which are then used to simulate rainfall timeseries under current and future climates for use as input to continuous hydrological models (Schreider et al, 2000;Tung, 2001;Fatichi et al, 2011).…”

Hydrological Flood Simulation Using a Design Hyetograph Created from Extreme Weather Data of a High-Resolution Atmospheric General Circulation Model

“…The Tsengwen Reservoir watershed is approximately 481 km 2 . It is surrounded partly by plateau, but primarily by high mountains ranging in height from 233 to 2609 m with a mean slope of approximately 0.54 [14] (Figure 1). There are two rainfall gauge stations within the watershed at locations (120.642° E, 23.423° N) and (120.603° E, 23.336° N) ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…Mean annual inflow to the reservoir is approximately 1.1 billion m 3 [15]. The mean annual air temperature and precipitation are approximately 19 °C and 2700 mm, respectively [14]. …”

“…The surface and groundwater tanks were combined as the upper and lower layers in the vertical, respectively, and water evapotranspiration was not applied over the watershed in the present study because the effect of soil moisture on peak discharge is limited. In Taiwan, substantial rainfall is the major factor that affects peak discharge, owing to the short response of discharge to rainfall with the steep terrain [14]. The surface tank simulates the surface flow on the ground, subsurface flow in the upper-layer in the ground, and the percolation to the groundwater tank.…”