Climate change induced decadal variations in hydrodynamic conditions and their influence on benthic habitats of the Estonian coastal sea

Suursaar, Ülo; Kullas, T.; Kovtun, A.; Torn, Kaire; Aps, Robert

doi:10.2495/rav110391

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There was generally a positive relationship in the literature between precipitation and nearshore salinity and terrestrially derived nutrients, contaminants, and sediments, though the relationship between climate change and precipitation was location‐dependent (Dwight et al, 2011 ; Vuorinen et al, 2015 ; Wikner & Andersson, 2012 ). Climate change can also result in decreased nutrient concentrations due to increased stratification reducing upwelling intensity of nutrient‐rich deep water (Holt et al, 2016 ; Kamykowski & Zentara, 2005 ; Law et al, 2018 ), decreased water clarity due to increased primary production (Capuzzo et al, 2018 ), and increased concentrations of suspended sediments from increased storm frequency and melting tidewater glaciers (Carney & Edwards, 2010 , Suursaar et al, 2011 ). The Salish Sea is a region of high precipitation that will likely increase given climate change (Mote & Salathé, 2010 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change can also result in decreased nutrient concentrations due to increased stratification reducing upwelling intensity of nutrient-rich deep water (Holt et al, 2016;Kamykowski & Zentara, 2005;Law et al, 2018), decreased water clarity due to increased primary production (Capuzzo et al, 2018), and increased concentrations of suspended sediments from increased storm frequency and melting tidewater glaciers (Carney & Edwards, 2010, Suursaar et al, 2011. The Salish Sea is a region of high precipitation that will likely increase given climate change (Mote & Salathé, 2010).…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea

Hollarsmith

Andrews

Naar

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Kelp forests are in decline across much of their range due to place‐specific combinations of local and global stressors. Declines in kelp abundance can lead to cascading losses of biodiversity and productivity with far‐reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences. The Salish Sea is a hotspot of kelp diversity where many species of kelp provide critical habitat and food for commercially, ecologically, and culturally important fish and invertebrate species. However, like other regions, kelp forests in much of the Salish Sea are in rapid decline. Data gaps and limited long‐term monitoring have hampered attempts to identify and manage for specific drivers of decline, despite the documented urgency to protect these important habitats. To address these knowledge gaps, we gathered a focus group of experts on kelp in the Salish Sea to identify perceived direct and indirect stressors facing kelp forests. We then conducted a comprehensive literature review of peer‐reviewed studies from the Salish Sea and temperate coastal ecosystems worldwide to assess the level of support for the pathways identified by the experts, and we identified knowledge gaps to prioritize future research. Our results revealed major research gaps within the Salish Sea and highlighted the potential to use expert knowledge for making informed decisions in the region. We found high support for the pathways in the global literature, with variable consensus on the relationship between stressors and responses across studies, confirming the influence of local ecological, oceanographic, and anthropogenic contexts and threshold effects on stressor–response relationships. Finally, we prioritized areas for future research in the Salish Sea. This study demonstrates the value expert opinion has to inform management decisions. These methods are readily adaptable to other ecosystem management contexts, and the results of this case study can be immediately applied to kelp management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea

Hollarsmith

Andrews

Naar

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The climate change related impacts are among the strongest in the northern areas like the Baltic Sea, where the warming has been faster than the global average (by now 1°C [1], [4]) over the last decades [5]. In the Baltic Sea region, evident climatological changes have appeared as an increase in winter and spring air temperatures, increase in water temperature, decrease in seasonal ice extent, increase in precipitation and fresh water runoff, decrease in salinity, and changes in wind speed and storminess [6], [7]. On the other hand, the semi-enclosed, relatively young and brackish water Baltic Sea is highly vulnerable to such stressors, which affect both pelagic and benthic communities [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Potential Effects of Climate Change on Benthic Species: Current and Future Distribution of Native and Non-Native Charophytes and Amphipods

Torn

Herkül

Peterson

et al. 2020

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The ongoing climate change is expected to affect the distribution and vitality of marine aquatic species through various links and changes in environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare climate change related effects on native and non-native benthic species groups in the Baltic Sea. We analysed the impact of changes on the charophytes (native Chara aspera and non-native Chara connivens) and gammarid amphipods (native Gammarus salinus and non-native Gammarus tigrinus). Currently, C. aspera and G. salinus are the most widespread and frequent species among charophytes and gammarids in NE Baltic Sea. C. connivens has been recorded in single locations in the 1960s, following the continuous enlargement of the distribution area since 2005. G. tigrinus has showed significant occupation success in the region since their first finding in 2003. The random forest modelling method was used to produce current species distribution models and to predict the potential changes of distribution based on future climate scenarios. In the brackish Baltic Sea, species are often living close to their salinity tolerance limits and the decrease in salinity will probably cause profound changes in distribution of both marine and freshwater species. Moreover, the model predictions showed that, probably due to wider salinity and temperature tolerance, the non-native species will gain advantages over native species. Due to climate change, a significant increase of the distribution areas of non-native species is expected to occur on account of the native species. The distribution area of C. connivens is predicted to double and G. tigrinus to increase by 15%. Changes in environmental conditions also favour the distribution of native charophyte C. aspera due to the freshwater origin of the species. However, the marine species G. salinus is predicted to lose 65% of its distribution area.

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“…At the meeting in May 2011 the stakeholders underlined in relation to the herring fishery the importance of protecting of the herring's spawning grounds in the Pärnu Bay, which are sensitive to both increasing anthropogenic pressure and projected climate change induced environmental regime shifts [10,19]. The latter applies to fish via changes in thermohaline, light and nutritional conditions, as well as through physical disturbance and destruction of spawning grounds during extreme storms [20].…”

Section: Essential Fish Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of fishery management into the process of Maritime Spatial Planning

Kopti

Aps

Fetissov

et al. 2011

Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards III

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This paper discusses possible solutions to the problem of integrating fishery management into the process of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and exemplifies the issue by analyzing the potential solution for the place based management of the Gulf of Riga herring fishery in the Pärnu Bay (Baltic Sea). According to the latest scientific advice, the total landings of the Gulf of Riga herring are above the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) level and from the Precautionary Approach point of view, the stock is harvested unsustainably. According to the Ecosystem Approach to fisheries, the fishing capacity should be balanced with the herring stock available both at international and national level. Integration of the Gulf of Riga herring fisheries management into the Pärnu Bay MSP process means mapping and planning not only important fishing grounds but also Essential Fish Habitats and the Habitat Areas of Particular Concern. A guiding principle approach was applied to develop a shared concept of the Pärnu Bay sea area as a place based management area. In addition, the "learning by doing and seeing" methodology and "design with nature" approach were implemented and map layers visualization, supported by the BoundaryGIS geoportal, proved to be efficient tools for the participatory processes concerned. As a result, series of biophysical, socioeconomic, and jurisdictional overlays were developed and when combined together they identify in necessary detail the Pärnu Bay MSP pilot area as the sea area for place based management.

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Climate change induced decadal variations in hydrodynamic conditions and their influence on benthic habitats of the Estonian coastal sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea

Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea

Predicting Potential Effects of Climate Change on Benthic Species: Current and Future Distribution of Native and Non-Native Charophytes and Amphipods

Integration of fishery management into the process of Maritime Spatial Planning

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