Climate change policies and capital vintage effects: the cases of US pulp and paper, iron and steel, and ethylene

‘Better late than never’: the interplay between green technology and age for firm growth

“…Second, owing to better access to finance (Schneider and Veugelers 2010), older firms can have a higher capacity to cope with the cost of eco-innovating (Gagliardi et al 2016) and with the resources needed to engage in signalling, labelling and certification efforts, which are often required to extract value from investment in green innovations (Ambec and Lanoie 2008). Third, older firms might have greater pressures and incentives for renewing their older capital vintages in an eco-sustainable manner-for example in responding to a policy constraint (Ruth et al 2004)-also in light of their greater capacity to exploit internal economies of scale and external knowledge sourcing (Herriott et al 1985;Levitt and March 1988;Ghisetti et al 2015). Finally, the persistence of the learning and innovation patterns that characterises green technologies (Sàez-Martínez et al 2016, Chassagnon andHaned 2015) can 'reserve' the growth impact to firms that are capable of reaping the benefits of their path dependence.…”

Resistance and Resilience of A Stream Salamander To Supraseasonal Drought

“…[WGII 7.4.2.3.3] Industrial sectors are generally thought to be less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than such sectors as agriculture. Among the major exceptions are industrial facilities located in climate-sensitive areas (such as floodplains) (Ruth et al, 2004) and those dependent on climate-sensitive commodities such as food-processing plants. [WGII 7.4 Effects of climate change on tourism include changes in the availability of water, which could be positive or negative (Braun et al, 1999;Uyarra et al, 2005).…”

Seeking a unified urban systems theory

“…This is particularly true in diverse systems, and often optimization of a larger process or collection of processes is more effective than optimizing a single process or the actions of a single firm [17]. Historical examples of this kind of waste sharing include the US steel industry, in which a significant percentage of scrap would be re-forged rather than discarded, and chemical plants, which regularly make use of process byproducts as seeds for various other processes, either in the same facility or in a neighboring plant [16,18]. Similarly, cogeneration power plants use the waste heat from the generation of power to heat plant or nearby non-industrial buildings.…”