Climate response to the spatial and temporal evolutions of anthropogenic aerosol forcing

Wang, Hai; Wen, Yujun

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-06059-2

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Detection and attribution studies have estimated that anthropogenic aerosol forcings have offset some historical Arctic and global warming induced by increased greenhouse gas forcings (Gillett et al., 2021; Najafi et al., 2015). In the mid‐20th century, specifically around 1970, emissions of anthropogenic aerosols and their precursors largely increased over Europe and North America (Deser et al., 2020; Hoesly et al., 2018; Smith et al., 2011; H. Wang and Wen, 2021). Climate model‐based studies suggest that these increased anthropogenic aerosols are responsible for most of the observed mid‐20th century Arctic cooling (e.g., England, 2021; England et al., 2021; Fyfe et al., 2013; Gagne et al., 2017; Shindell & Faluvegi, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing and Multidecadal Internal Variability to Mid‐20th Century Arctic Cooling—CMIP6/DAMIP Multimodel Analysis

Aizawa

Oshima

Yukimoto

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing and Multidecadal Internal Variability to Mid‐20th Century Arctic Cooling—CMIP6/DAMIP Multimodel Analysis

Aizawa

Oshima

Yukimoto

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…This implies that the geographical distribution of aerosol forcing should be known with precision to properly estimate the aerosol-forced climate change. While we only examine the sensitivity to the zonal location of extratropical radiative cooling, it is imperative to examine the sensitivity to the meridional location as aerosol source regions in Asia have shifted equatorward (Wang and Wen 2021). Furthermore, a future study is warranted that examines the linearity to the forcing sign, with relevance to gradual aerosol reduction in many countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol emissions within Asia have changed since about 2010, with a marked reduction in China and a concurrent increase in India (Samset et al 2019). The role of the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosol forcing in modulating the historical climate change has attracted much recent attention (e.g., Deser et al 2020;Hirasawa et al 2020;Kang et al 2021;Wang and Wen 2021;Shi et al 2022). Before the late 1970s, the aerosol-forced response is dominated by a predominant Northern Hemisphere cooling with a large zonal symmetry, whereas the aerosol-forced response since the late 1970s is characterized by large zonal variations between the North Pacific cooling and the North Atlantic warming with a negligible zonal-mean response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale climate response to regionally confined extratropical cooling: Effect of ocean dynamics

Kim

Kang

Xie

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study investigates the effect of ocean dynamics on the tropical climate response to localized radiative cooling over three northern extratropical land regions using hierarchical model simulations that vary in the degree of ocean coupling. Without ocean dynamics, the tropical climate response is independent of the extratropical forcing location, characterized by a southward tropical precipitation shift with a high degree of zonal symmetry, a reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient along the equatorial Pacific, and the eastward-shifted Walker circulation. When ocean dynamical adjustments are allowed, the zonal-mean tropical precipitation shift is damped primarily via Eulerian-mean ocean heat transport. The oceanic damping effect is strongest (weakest) for North Asian (American) cooling, associated with the largest (smallest) Eulerian-mean ocean heat transport across the equatorial Pacific. The cross-equatorial ocean heat transport in the Pacific is anchored to the North Pacific subtropical high, the response of which can be inferred from the corresponding slab ocean simulations. Hence, the slab ocean simulations provide useful a priori predictions for oceanic damping efficiency. Ocean dynamics also modulates the spatial pattern of climate response in a distinct manner depending on the forcing location. North Asian forcing induces a pronounced eastern equatorial Pacific cooling extending to the western basin, accompanying the westward shifted Walker circulation. European forcing causes cooling confined to the eastern equatorial Pacific and strengthens the Walker circulation. The tropical precipitation response in these two cases exhibits large zonal variations with a high degree of equatorial symmetry, being essentially uncorrelated with the corresponding slab ocean simulations. By contrast, North American forcing induces a sufficiently strong inter-hemispheric contrast in the tropical Pacific SST response, due to the relatively weak oceanic damping effect, producing a weaker but spatially similar tropical response to that in the slab ocean simulation. This study demonstrates that the effect of ocean dynamics in modulating the tropical climate response depends on the extratropical forcing location. The results are relevant for understanding the distinct climate response induced by aerosols from different continental sites.

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“…The advantage of the idealized scenarios is that by design the approach avoids the complications of non-CO 2 greenhouse forcing, the response to aerosols and land-use changes, and so is standard for diagnosing climate metrics and feedbacks. Our analyses are though less relevant to understanding the historical response of the Southern Ocean given the strong hemispheric biases in historical radiative forcing [ 20 ], but are more relevant for future projections for the role of the Southern Ocean when the radiative forcing is expected to be more evenly distributed from increasing greenhouse gases [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate response to carbon emissions

Williams

Ceppi

Roussenov

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The effect of the Southern Ocean on global climate change is assessed using Earth system model projections following an idealized 1% annual rise in atmospheric CO 2 . For this scenario, the Southern Ocean plays a significant role in sequestering heat and anthropogenic carbon, accounting for 40% ± 5% of heat uptake and 44% ± 2% of anthropogenic carbon uptake over the global ocean (with the Southern Ocean defined as south of 36°S). This Southern Ocean fraction of global heat uptake is however less than in historical scenarios with marked hemispheric contrasts in radiative forcing. For this idealized scenario, inter-model differences in global and Southern Ocean heat uptake are strongly affected by physical feedbacks, especially cloud feedbacks over the globe and surface albedo feedbacks from sea-ice loss in high latitudes, through the top-of-the-atmosphere energy balance. The ocean carbon response is similar in most models with carbon storage increasing from rising atmospheric CO 2 , but weakly decreasing from climate change with competing ventilation and biological contributions over the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean affects a global climate metric, the transient climate response to emissions, accounting for 28% of its thermal contribution through its physical climate feedbacks and heat uptake, and so affects inter-model differences in meeting warming targets. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.

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Climate response to the spatial and temporal evolutions of anthropogenic aerosol forcing

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing and Multidecadal Internal Variability to Mid‐20th Century Arctic Cooling—CMIP6/DAMIP Multimodel Analysis

Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing and Multidecadal Internal Variability to Mid‐20th Century Arctic Cooling—CMIP6/DAMIP Multimodel Analysis

Large-scale climate response to regionally confined extratropical cooling: Effect of ocean dynamics

The role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate response to carbon emissions

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