Climate’s cascading effects on disease, predation, and hatching success in Anaxyrus canorus, the threatened Yosemite toad

Sadinski, Walter J.; Gallant, Alisa L.; Cleaver, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01173

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Related to our findings, in high elevation populations of the related boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) larval survival was lower in permanent sites than in ephemeral sites (Crockett et al, 2020). We suspect, however, that the terrestrial adults of Yosemite toads might be more strongly tied to permanent waterbodies in dry years, but disperse to more favored meadow habitats in wet years (Berlow et al, 2013;Liang, 2013;Sadinski et al, 2020). Our models cannot distinguish whether extirpation is a result of mortality or emigration, and it is likely that in the case of Yosemite toad extirpation at permanent sites, migration might be the dominant process (Morton and Pereyra, 2010;Liang, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Although support for an effect of April SWE on the probability Yosemite toads would breed was only weakly supported for seasonal wetlands, evidence for a negative effect of winter severity on the probability Yosemite toads would reproduce in permanent wetlands was strong. Yosemite toads typically breed at snowmelt in the shallow margins of wetlands, often in meadows (Liang et al, 2017;Sadinski et al, 2020). In more severe winters, when snowmelt occurs later, conditions might be less favorable for Yosemite toads to reproduce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults breed at snowmelt in the shallow margins of wetlands, usually in meadows, and eggs and larvae develop quickly and metamorphose into juvenile toads in a few months (Mullaly, 1953;Kagarise Sherman and Morton, 1993). The reliance on shallow wetlands likely increases the chances of annual reproductive failure in this species (Kagarise Sherman and Morton, 1993;Sadinski et al, 2020). This toad, however, is less sensitive to introduced fish than Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs because Yosemite toad larvae are unpalatable to trout, the dominant introduced fish in the Sierra Nevada (Grasso et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sierra Nevada amphibians demonstrate stable occupancy despite precipitation volatility in the early 21st Century

Halstead

Kleeman²,

Rose³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Climate can have a strong influence on species distributions, and amphibians with different life histories might be affected by annual variability in precipitation in different ways. The Sierra Nevada of California, United States, experienced some of the driest and wettest years on record in the early 21st Century, with variability in annual precipitation predicted to increase with climate change. We examined the relationship between adult occupancy dynamics of three high elevation anurans and site and annual variation in measures of winter severity, summer wetness, and cumulative drought. We further evaluated how these weather conditions affected the probability that each species would reproduce, conditional on their occurrence at a site. We found that although different aspects of weather affected the occupancy dynamics of each species differently, adult occupancy probabilities were generally stable throughout our 15-year study period. The probability of reproduction, although slightly more variable than adult occupancy, was similarly stable throughout the study. Although occurrence of the three species was resilient to recent extremes in precipitation, more detailed demographic study would inform the extent to which amphibian populations will remain resilient to increasing severity, duration, and frequency of drought and flood cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sierra Nevada amphibians demonstrate stable occupancy despite precipitation volatility in the early 21st Century

Halstead

Kleeman²,

Rose³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Please see more information in Table 1 . Numbers correspond to article reference: (1) Bragg and Bragg [ 71 ]; (2) Bragg [ 56 ]; (3) Strijbosch [ 21 ]; (4) Leuven et al [ 22 ]; (5) Banks & Beebee [ 23 ]; (6) Beattie et al [ 69 ]; (7) Blaustein et al [ 43 ]; (8) Williamson & Bull [ 52 ]; (9) Kiesecker & Blaustein [ 44 ]; (10) Berger et al [ 51 ]; (11) Kiesecker et al [ 14 ]; (12) Gomez-Mestre et al [ 41 ]; (13) Johnson et al[ 31 ]; (14) Petrisko et al [ 61 ]; (15) Ruthig [ 68 ]; (16) Kim et al [ 67 ]; (17) Fernández-Benéitez et al [ 48 ]; (18) Sagvik et al [ 63 , 64 ]; (19) Ruthig [ 60 ]; (20) Uller et al [ 65 ]; (21) Karraker & Ruthig [ 66 ]; (22) Blackburn et al [ 24 ]; (23) Prada-Salcedo et al [ 39 ]; (24) Fernández-Benéitez et al [ 49 ]; (25) Ault et al [ 46 ]; (26) Ruthig and Provost-Javier [ 57 ]; (27) Perotti et al [ 59 ]; (28) Croshaw [ 75 ]; (29) Muir [ 70 ]; (30) Urban et al [ 74 ]; (31) Groffen et al [ 50 ]; (32) Sadinski, Gallant, and Cleaver [ 38 ]; (33) Costa et al in prep. Maps made with QGIS.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolegniosis in Amphibians: An Integrated Overview of a Fluffy Killer Disease

Costa

Lopes

2022

JoF

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Amphibians constitute the class of vertebrates with the highest proportion of threatened species, with infectious diseases being considered among the greatest causes for their worldwide decline. Aquatic oomycetes, known as “water molds,” are fungus-like microorganisms that are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems and are capable of causing disease in a broad range of amphibian hosts. Various species of Achlya sp., Leptolegnia sp., Aphanomyces sp., and mainly, Saprolegnia sp., are responsible for mass die-offs in the early developmental stages of a wide range of amphibian populations through a disease known as saprolegniosis, aka, molding or a “Saprolegnia-like infection.” In this context, the main objective of the present review was to bring together updated information about saprolegniosis in amphibians to integrate existing knowledge, identify current knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions within the saprolegniosis–amphibian research field. Based on the available literature and data, an integrated and critical interpretation of the results is discussed. Furthermore, the occurrence of saprolegniosis in natural and laboratory contexts and the factors that influence both pathogen incidence and host susceptibility are also addressed. The focus of this work was the species Saprolegnia sp., due to its ecological importance on amphibian population dynamics and due to the fact that this is the most reported genera to be associated with saprolegniosis in amphibians. In addition, integrated emerging therapies, and their potential application to treat saprolegniosis in amphibians, were evaluated, and future actions are suggested.

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“…Adults exclusively breed in the transient and exceptionally shallow ponds of mountain meadows (Grinnell & Storer, 1924 ; Karlstrom, 1962 ; Ratliff, 1985 ), making them highly dependent upon seasonal snowpack and associated groundwater and runoff levels. Tadpoles regularly face high desiccation mortality (Brown et al, 2015 ; Sherman, 1980 ; Sherman & Morton, 1993 ) exacerbated by opportunistic parasites and predators (Sadinski et al, 2020 ). Adults and subadults are sensitive to temperature‐induced reduction in body fat levels that can influence their overwintering survival and fecundity (Morton, 1981 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)

Maier

Vandergast

Bohonak

2022

Evolutionary Applications

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An essential goal in conservation biology is delineating population units that maximize the probability of species persisting into the future and adapting to future environmental change. However, future‐facing conservation concerns are often addressed using retrospective patterns that could be irrelevant. We recommend a novel landscape genomics framework for delineating future “Geminate Evolutionary Units” (GEUs) in a focal species: (1) identify loci under environmental selection, (2) model and map adaptive conservation units that may spawn future lineages, (3) forecast relative selection pressures on each future lineage, and (4) estimate their fitness and likelihood of persistence using geo‐genomic simulations. Using this process, we delineated conservation units for the Yosemite toad ( Anaxyrus canorus ), a U.S. federally threatened species that is highly vulnerable to climate change. We used a genome‐wide dataset, redundancy analysis, and Bayesian association methods to identify 24 candidate loci responding to climatic selection ( R 2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.52), after controlling for demographic structure. Candidate loci included genes such as MAP3K5, involved in cellular response to environmental change. We then forecasted future genomic response to climate change using the multivariate machine learning algorithm Gradient Forests. Based on all available evidence, we found three GEUs in Yosemite National Park, reflecting contrasting adaptive optima: YF‐North (high winter snowpack with moderate summer rainfall), YF‐East (low to moderate snowpack with high summer rainfall), and YF‐Low‐Elevation (low snowpack and rainfall). Simulations under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario suggest that the species will decline by 29% over 90 years, but the highly diverse YF‐East lineage will be least impacted for two reasons: (1) geographically it will be sheltered from the largest climatic selection pressures, and (2) its standing genetic diversity will promote a faster adaptive response. Our approach provides a comprehensive strategy for protecting imperiled non‐model species with genomic data alone and has wide applicability to other declining species.

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Climate’s cascading effects on disease, predation, and hatching success in Anaxyrus canorus, the threatened Yosemite toad

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Sierra Nevada amphibians demonstrate stable occupancy despite precipitation volatility in the early 21st Century

Sierra Nevada amphibians demonstrate stable occupancy despite precipitation volatility in the early 21st Century

Saprolegniosis in Amphibians: An Integrated Overview of a Fluffy Killer Disease

Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)

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