“…Irrigation water requirement is greatly influenced by rising temperatures, evaporation, and climate change may also have an impact on future water supplies globally [ 46 ]. The adaptation of technologies like the climate-smart agriculture concept needs measures and policies to reduce vulnerability and increase the capacity of producers, especially smallholders for effective climate change adaptation [ 47 ]. Fig.…”
“…Irrigation water requirement is greatly influenced by rising temperatures, evaporation, and climate change may also have an impact on future water supplies globally [ 46 ]. The adaptation of technologies like the climate-smart agriculture concept needs measures and policies to reduce vulnerability and increase the capacity of producers, especially smallholders for effective climate change adaptation [ 47 ]. Fig.…”
“…According to the results of this study, conventional methods of agriculture should be improved by including contemporary technology to increase agricultural production, reduce CO 2 emissions, and ensure food security for Bangladesh's increasing population. Recently, several multinational organizations have developed the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) strategy [ 57 ], which modifies the expansion of agriculture to mitigate environmental damage. These leads will contribute to the long-term reduction and mitigation of climate change worldwide.…”
“…Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 09 frontiersin.org varieties, land management, and irrigation techniques, to achieve high yields and resilient systems (Azadi et al, 2022). Thus, it is vital to meet the food needs of an expanding population while also stimulating the economic growth needed to eliminate poverty (Azadi et al, 2021).…”
The global temperature increase of 1.1°C over the past decade and human population growth are already escalating competition for water in locations where water is scarce, adversely affecting agriculture. Water-smart farming was developed to address challenges associated with the availability, access and use of agricultural water. It complements practices and goals related to agricultural water in climate-smart agriculture. It encompasses several climate-responsive food cropping systems, water-saving methods, tools, and technologies to grow food sustainably. Effective implementation of water-smart farming can ameliorate the pressing burden of agricultural water competition. Therefore, the conceptual framework of water-smart farming and its principal elements or ideology are introduced in this review. The major pillars of water-smart cropping, which include conditioning and improving the soil’s capacity to capture and hold moisture, basic infrastructure for water harvesting, storage and use as nature-based cropping solutions were elaborated. Further examples of technologies and best practices in water-smart crop farming, such as breeding for drought-tolerant crop varieties, promoting dryland cropping systems, alternate wetting and drying technology, water drainage and control structures, rainwater harvesting, utilization of irrigation reservoirs, cover cropping and intercropping for enhancing soil moisture conservation were presented. The review also briefly shows the contribution of some of these best practices and adaptive technologies of water-smart cropping toward promoting water-saving methods used for growing rice, maize, legumes, cassava and peri-urban vegetables.
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