Climate variability and North Sea cod

O’Brien, Carl M.; Fox, Clive; Planque, Benjamin; Casey, John

doi:10.1038/35004654

Cited by 241 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recent evidence suggests an earlier drop of 2-38C in summer temperatures in the thirteenth century and subsequent decrease in sea temperatures in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries [38][39][40]. Climate change and the concomitant ecosystem effects may have determined Atlantic cod catches both in historical [21] and modern times [41]; for example, temperatures warmer than at present are expected to be favourable for cod recruitment around Iceland [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland

et al. 2014

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Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) vertebrae from archaeological sites were used to study the history of the Icelandic Atlantic cod population in the time period of 1500-1990. Specifically, we used coalescence modelling to estimate population size and fluctuations from the sequence diversity at the cytochrome b (cytb) and Pantophysin I (PanI) loci. The models are consistent with an expanding population during the warm medieval period, large historical effective population size (N E ), a marked bottleneck event at 1400-1500 and a decrease in N E in early modern times. The model results are corroborated by the reduction of haplotype and nucleotide variation over time and pairwise population distance as a significant portion of nucleotide variation partitioned across the 1550 time mark. The mean age of the historical fished stock is high in medieval times with a truncation in age in early modern times. The population size crash coincides with a period of known cooling in the North Atlantic, and we conclude that the collapse may be related to climate or climate-induced ecosystem change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland

et al. 2014

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“…Temperature-related trends in stocks of fish, e.g. North Sea cod (Dippner 1997;O'Brien et al 2000) or Pacific salmon (Klyashtorin 1997) illustrate the general fact that ectothermic animal species are adapted to and depend upon maintenance of the characteristic temperature window of their natural environment. In contrast to marine mammals and birds, no ectothermic species is known to occur over the widest temperature ranges possible across latitudes between polar and tropical areas.…”

Section: Thermal Tolerance and The Complexity Of Physiological Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and temperature-dependent biogeography: oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance in animals

Pörtner

2001

Naturwissenschaften

957

232

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Recent years have shown a rise in mean global temperatures and a shift in the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals. For a cause and effect analysis the present paper discusses those physiological processes limiting thermal tolerance. The lower heat tolerance in metazoa compared with unicellular eukaryotes and bacteria suggests that a complex systemic rather than molecular process is limiting in metazoa. Whole-animal aerobic scope appears as the first process limited at low and high temperatures, linked to the progressively insufficient capacity of circulation and ventilation. Oxygen levels in body fluids may decrease, reflecting excessive oxygen demand at high temperatures or insufficient aerobic capacity of mitochondria at low temperatures. Aerobic scope falls at temperatures beyond the thermal optimum and vanishes at low or high critical temperatures when transition to an anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism occurs. The adjustment of mitochondrial densities on top of parallel molecular or membrane adjustments appears crucial for maintaining aerobic scope and for shifting thermal tolerance. In conclusion, the capacity of oxygen delivery matches full aerobic scope only within the thermal optimum. At temperatures outside this range, only time-limited survival is supported by residual aerobic scope, then anaerobic metabolism and finally molecular protection by heat shock proteins and antioxidative defence. In a cause and effect hierarchy, the progressive increase in oxygen limitation at extreme temperatures may even enhance oxidative and denaturation stress. As a corollary, capacity limitations at a complex level of organisation, the oxygen delivery system, define thermal tolerance limits before molecular functions become disturbed.

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“…In the marine environment, climate warming chiefly acts through the increase in sea surface temperature, which has profound impacts on marine habitats, populations and communities (Minchin, 1993;Corten and vandeKamp, 1996;Easterling et al, 2000;O'Brien et al, 2000;Attrill and Power, 2002;Walther et al, 2002;Hawkins et al, 2003;Stillman, 2003;Genner et al, 2004;Blanchard et al, 2005;Perry et al, 2005). However, a more subtle, yet pivotal effect of environmental change is that exerted at the individual and genetic level: environmental variability is likely to cause or intensify directional selection on phenotypic traits that are important for fitness (Gienapp et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring neutral and adaptive processes in expanding populations of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., in the North-East Atlantic

et al. 2011

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Recent studies in empirical population genetics have highlighted the importance of taking into account both neutral and adaptive genetic variation in characterizing microevolutionary dynamics. Here, we explore the genetic population structure and the footprints of selection in four populations of the warm-temperate coastal fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), whose recent northward expansion has been linked to climate change. Samples were collected at four Atlantic locations, including Spain, Portugal, France and the South of Ireland, and genetically assayed using a suite of species-specific markers, including 15 putatively neutral microsatellites and 23 expressed sequence tag-linked markers, as well as a portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Two of the putatively neutral markers, Bld-10 and Ad-10, bore signatures of strong directional selection, particularly in the newly established Irish population, although the potential 'surfing effect' of rare alleles at the edge of the expansion front was also considered. Analyses after the removal of these loci suggest low but significant population structure likely affected by some degree of gene flow counteracting random genetic drift. No signal of historic divergence was detected at mtDNA. BLAST searches conducted with all 38 markers used failed to identify specific genomic regions associated to adaptive functions. However, the availability of genomic resources for this commercially valuable species is rapidly increasing, bringing us closer to the understanding of the interplay between selective and neutral evolutionary forces, shaping population divergence of an expanding species in a heterogeneous milieu.

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Climate variability and North Sea cod

Cited by 241 publications

References 7 publications

Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland

Historical DNA reveals the demographic history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in medieval and early modern Iceland

Climate change and temperature-dependent biogeography: oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance in animals

Exploring neutral and adaptive processes in expanding populations of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., in the North-East Atlantic

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