Climatic Factors Affecting Density of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kassala City, Sudan 2014/2015

Ahmed, Riaz; Sm, Hassan; Ah, Elrahman

doi:10.36502/2019/asjbccr.6161

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In 1955, Lewis emphasized the role of Aedes aegypti in yellow fever and dengue outbreaks in the country [ 10 ]. This notion was supported by several subsequent reports since the species was found in all areas where arbovirus outbreaks have occurred [ 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Dengue fever viruses have existed for decades, particularly in the eastern parts of the country [ 30 , 31 , 34 ]; however, recently, in 2015, the first dengue outbreak in the western part (Darfur) of the country occurred, with considerable other outbreaks having been mentioned in the country since 1908, and epidemics have continued to occur many times, causing extensive mortality [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Aedes aegypti Subspecies across the Sahelian Belt in Sudan

et al. 2021

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Aedes aegypti is the most important arboviral disease vector worldwide. In Africa, it exists as two morphologically distinct forms, often referred to as subspecies, Aaa and Aaf. There is a dearth of information on the distribution and genetic diversity of these two forms in Sudan and other African Sahelian region countries. This study aimed to explore the distribution and genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti subspecies using morphology and Cytochrome oxidase-1 mitochondrial marker in a large Sahelian zone in Sudan. An extensive cross-sectional survey of Aedes aegypti in Sudan was performed. Samples collected from eight locations were morphologically identified, subjected to DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing, and analyses. We classified four populations as Aaa and the other four as Aaf. Out of 140 sequence samples, forty-six distinct haplotypes were characterized. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the collected samples were 0.377–0.947 and 0.002–0.01, respectively. Isolation by distance was significantly evident (r = 0.586, p = 0.005). The SAMOVA test indicated that all Aaf populations are structured in one group, while the Aaa clustered into two groups. AMOVA showed 53.53% genetic differences within populations and 39.22% among groups. Phylogenetic relationships indicated two clusters in which the two subspecies were structured. Thus, the haplotype network consisted of three clusters.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Aedes aegypti Subspecies across the Sahelian Belt in Sudan

et al. 2021

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“…Aedes aegypti has played a principal role in arboviral disease outbreaks in Sudan since the 1950s, and it is widely distributed in all arboviral disease locations in the country [4]. It is believed to exist in two forms/subspecies in Africa [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Polymorphism and Phylogenetics of Aedes aegypti from Sudan Based on ND4 Mitochondrial Gene Variations

Abuelmaali

Jamaluddin

Allam

et al. 2022

Insects

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This study investigated the genetic differences between Aedes aegypti subspecies (Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf)) from Sudan using the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) mitochondrial gene marker. Nineteen distinct haplotypes of the ND4 were identified in female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the study sites. The phylogenetic relationship of the 19 ND4 haplotypes was demonstrated in a median-joining haplotype network tree with Aaa and Aaf populations found to share three haplotypes. The genetic variance (Pairwise FST values) was estimated and found to range from 0.000 to 0.811. Isolation by distance test revealed that geographical distance was correlated to genetic variation (coefficient value (r) = 0.43). The Polar maximum likelihood tree showed the phylogenetic relationship of 91 female Aaa and Aaf from the study sites, with most of the Aaf haplotypes clustered in one group while most of the Aaa haplotypes gathered in another group, but there was an admixture of the subspecies in both clusters, especially the Aaa cluster. The Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance (SAMOVA) test revealed that the eight populations clustered into two phylogeographic groups/clusters of the two subspecies populations. The 2 Aedes aegypti subspecies seemed not to be totally separated geographically with gene flow among the populations.

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“…A previous study also showed that the cause of mosquito breeding was the density of larvae in water reservoirs and the increased density and mobility of the population [10]. Climatic variables, such as rainfall, high humidity, and temperature, also affected the mosquito larvae population, particularly in some areas [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Container characteristics and density of Aedes aegypti larvae: a field trial of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract

Amaliyah¹,

Fathmawati²,

Yulia³

et al. 2023

IJPHS

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The application of larvicide from botanical origin was extensively studied as an essential part of mosquito prevention. This study aimed to assess the difference in container index (CI) based on the characteristics of water containers using Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract solution. A quasi- experiment research was done among 300 selected containers with temephos as a control and 9% of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract solution as a treatment. The types of containers observed in this study were the type of water, container materials, location, container lids, and community behavior regarding immature Aedes aegypti breeding eradication. Water containers without lids and outside the house had a significantly higher CI among treatment (OR=26; 3.69–18.34; p=0.001 and OR=20; 2.04–19.64; p=0.003) and control group (OR= 10.83; 95% CI=1.96–59.83; p=0.005 and OR=6.43; 95% CI=1.02–40.26; p=0.04). Negative community behavior regarding the prevention and eradication of Aedes immatures was significantly associated with greater odds of high CI among treatment and control, with OR=37.5; 3.64–38.65; p=0.001 and OR=16.88; 2.56-11.4; p=0.002, respectively. Furthermore, containers with rainwater out of the treatment group had a higher presence of Aedes larvae (OR=11.25; 1.15–11.05; p=0.03).

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Climatic Factors Affecting Density of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kassala City, Sudan 2014/2015

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Aedes aegypti Subspecies across the Sahelian Belt in Sudan

Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Aedes aegypti Subspecies across the Sahelian Belt in Sudan

Genetic Polymorphism and Phylogenetics of Aedes aegypti from Sudan Based on ND4 Mitochondrial Gene Variations

Container characteristics and density of Aedes aegypti larvae: a field trial of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract

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