Climatic impact of El Niño/La Niña on the Indian monsoon: A new perspective

Kripalani, R. H.; Kulkarni, Ashwini

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1997.tb06267.x

Cited by 255 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The state of ENSO does not explain all the interannual variability of ISMR (Kripalani and Kulkarni, 1997). For example, in spite of the occurrence of strong El Niño events in 1914, 1963, 1976, 1983, and 1997, these years did not experience deficiencies in ISMR (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, in spite of the occurrence of strong El Niño events in 1914, 1963, 1976, 1983, and 1997, these years did not experience deficiencies in ISMR (Figure 1). Kripalani and Kulkarni (1997) pointed out the existence of the interdecadal variability of ISMR and found that when ISMR was in the above normal interdecadal phase, 180 C. IHARA ET AL. 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 even strong El Niño events did not bring severe droughts to India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its link with ENSO and Indian Ocean climate indices

Ihara

Kushnir

Cane

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

123

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Abstract:We examine the relationship between the state of the equatorial Indian Ocean, ENSO, and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall using data from 1881 to 1998. The zonal wind anomalies and SST anomaly gradient over the equatorial Indian Ocean are used as indices that represent the condition of the Indian Ocean. Although the index defined by the zonal wind anomalies correlates poorly with Indian summer monsoon rainfall, the linear reconstruction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall on the basis of a multiple regression from the NINO3 and this wind index better specifies the Indian summer monsoon rainfall than the regression with only NINO3. Using contingency tables, we find that the negative association between the categories of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the wind index is significant during warm years (El Niño) but not during cold years (La Niña). Composite maps of land precipitation also indicate that this relationship is significant during El Niño events. We conclude that there is a significant negative association between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean during El Niño events. A similar investigation of the relationship between the SST index and Indian summer monsoon rainfall does not reveal a significant association.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its link with ENSO and Indian Ocean climate indices

Ihara

Kushnir

Cane

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

123

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“…[3] The relationship between El Niño events and Indian monsoon has been studied by many researchers [Walker and Bliss, 1932;Sikka, 1980;Rasmusson and Carpenter, 1983;Barnett, 1983;Mooley and Parthasarathy, 1984;Kripalani and Kulkarni, 1997;Krishna Kumar et al, 1999;Krishnamurthy and Goswami, 2000;Kane, 2005;Annamalai and Liu, 2005]. Keshavamurthy [1982] studied the sensitivity of the SST anomalies over the equatorial Pacific Ocean using the GFDL atmospheric general circulation model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ISMR has however shown decadal variability with alternate epochs of above and below normal rainfall, which tend to last for about 3 decades. The study of Kripalani and Kulkarni [1997] showed that the impact of El Niño (La Niña) on ISMR is more during the below (above) normal rainfall epochs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the El Niño‐Indian monsoon predictive relationships

Rajeevan

Pai

2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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Most of the severe droughts over India are associated with El Niño. However, only less than half of El Niño events are associated with deficient rainfall over India. In other El Niño years, Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) was either normal or excess. A recent study suggested that the El Niño events with the warmest SST anomalies in the central Pacific are more effective in focusing drought producing subsidence over India than events with the warmest SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. They have further suggested that the incorporation of additional information on the spatial distribution of SST anomalies over the equatorial Pacific Ocean in the statistical models should improve monsoon forecast skill. The present study explores this hypothesis on the skill of monsoon forecasts by analyzing SST data for the period 1880–2004. The present study reveals that incorporation of information on the spatial pattern of SST anomalies (by incorporating the Trans Niño Index) does not improve the association between El Niño and Indian monsoon rainfall. Simply using the SST index over the central Pacific (Niño‐3.4) may be a better indicator for the association than the Combined Niño Index derived from Niño‐3 and Trans Niño Index (TNI).

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“…Many studies reported that summer monsoon precipitation influenced by large scale forcing of Hadley cell and El Nino-southern oscillation (ENSO) events (Kripalani et al 1997;Ihara et al 2007). On the other hand, limited studies on the association of the winter precipitation and large-scale fields (Krishna Kumar et al 1999;Mariotti 2007;Yadav et al 2010;Kar and Rana 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%