Clínica. Localizaciones: rodilla, cadera, manos, columna, otras localizaciones

Abstract

The symptoms of osteoarthritis vary widely from patient to patient, depending especially on the localization on the disease. There is a poor correlation between radiological involvement and pain. In general, symptom onset is gradual and symptoms increase slowly but progressively. The most commonly affected joints are the knees, hips, hands, and spine. The main signs and symptoms are pain, stiffness, joint deformity, and crepitus. Pain is mechanical and its causes are multifactorial; in the initial phases, pain usually manifests in self-limiting episodes but may subsequently be almost constant. The criteria of the American college of Rheumatology for the classification of osteoarthritis of the knee, hip and hands are an aid to classification and standardization but are not useful for diagnosis. Hip osteoarthritis usually produces inguinal pain in the internal and anterior sections of the muscle extending to the knee and, with progression, tends to limit mobility. Knee osteoarthritis is more frequent in women and is usually associated with hand osteoarthritis and obesity. In hand osteoarthritis, the most commonly affected joints are the distal interphalangeal joints, followed by the proximal interphalangeal joints and the trapeziometacarpal joints; the development of Heberden and Bouchard nodes is common; involvement of the trapeziometacarpal joint is called rhizarthrosis and is one of the forms of osteoarthritis that produces the greatest limitation on hand function. Osteoarthritis of the spine affects the facet joints and the vertebral bodies. Other, less frequent, localizations are the foot, elbow and shoulder, which are generally secondary forms of osteoarthritis.

Upregulation of long noncoding TNFSF10 contributes to osteoarthritis progression through the miR‐376‐3p/FGFR1 axis

“…OA, as a chronic disease, often affects human knee, neck, hip, lower back, and fingers. 26 Besides stiffness, dysfunction and deformity of joints, and loss and destruction of articular cartilage, its characteristics also include many alterations at molecular level, such as the changes of chondrocytes, composition of the extracellular matrix, and disordered expression of genes. For example, inflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor α) and degradative enzymes (eg, matrix metalloproteinases) are helpful to cartilage degradation.…”

miRNA-103 promotes chondrocyte apoptosis by down-regulation of Sphingosine kinase-1 and ameliorates PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoarthritis

“…However, the OA symptoms can be well managed after adopting a healthy lifestyle. Moderate active, keeping a healthy BMI, and other treatments may slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function [2]. Chondrocytes are the only cell type existing in healthy cartilage.…”

¿Por qué se deforman y me duelen las articulaciones?

“…5 La inflamación de los nervios comprimidos en la articulación ocasiona dolor, lo que produce un "chasquido" y conforme avanza el daño se presentan inestabilidad y deformidad articular. La osteoartrosis degenerativa puede afectar una o más articulaciones, entre las más frecuentes tenemos la siguientes: [6][7][8][9]…”