Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress

Gold, P. W.; Machado‐Vieira, Rodrigo; Pavlatou, M.

doi:10.1155/2015/581976

Cited by 237 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Abnormal platelet function and reactivity are more prevalent in depressed patients (26), which may be mediated through serotonin imbalance (27). Dysregulation of the hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depressed states may also play a role, particularly with regard to effect on stress responses, either biochemically with inflammatory cytokine imbalances or clinically through abnormalities of BP and heart rate (28)(29)(30). Furthermore, autonomic nervous system dysfunction may accompany depression, further exacerbating BP and heart rate dysregulation and potentially manifesting with reduced heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflexes that may further aggravate cardiovascular morbidity (31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Affect and Hospitalization Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Lacson

Bruce

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background and objectives Recent studies demonstrated an association between depressive affect and higher mortality risk in incident hemodialysis patients. This study sought to determine whether an association also exists with hospitalization risk.Design, setting, participants, & measurements All 8776 adult incident hemodialysis patients with Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 survey results treated in Fresenius Medical Care North America facilities in 2006 were followed for 1 year from the date of survey, and all hospitalization events lasting .24 hours were tracked. A depressive affect score was derived from responses to two Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 questions ("down in the dumps" and "downhearted and blue"). A high depressive affect score corresponded with an average response of "some of the time" or more frequent occurrence. Cox and Poisson models were constructed to determine associations of depressive affect scores with risk for time to first hospitalization and risk for hospitalization events, as well as total days spent in the hospital, respectively.Results Incident patients with high depressive affect score made up 41% of the cohort and had a median (interquartile range) hospitalization event rate of one (0, 3) and 4 (0, 15) total hospital days; the values for patients with low depressive affect scores were one (0, 2) event and 2 (0, 11) days, respectively. For high-scoring patients, the adjusted hazard ratio for first hospitalization was 1.12 (1.04, 1.20). When multiple hospital events were considered, the adjusted risk ratio was 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) and the corresponding risk ratio for total hospital days was 1.20 (1.07, 1.35). High depressive affect score was generally associated with lower physical and mental component scores, but these covariates were adjusted for in the models.Conclusions Depressive affect in incident hemodialysis patients was associated with higher risk of hospitalization and more hospital days. Future studies are needed to investigate the effect of therapeutic interventions to address depressive affect in this high-risk population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Affect and Hospitalization Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Lacson

Bruce

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Prolonged stress in humans can lead to an overloading of the stress response system, leaving people at risk for the development of illness, both physical and psychiatric (McEwen, 2004). Chronic exposure to stress has been implicated as a predisposing factor for developing major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia (Davidson and Baum, 1986;Gold et al, 1988;Pêgo et al, 2010;Pollin, 1972;Southwick et al, 2005). Chronic stress is frequently used in animals to produce behavioral states modeling depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (Bahi, 2013;Brzózka et al, 2011;Katz, 1982;Taliaz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Adverse Experiences In Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Neurogenesis and Mental Illness

Schoenfeld

Cameron

2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

162

108

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Several lines of evidence suggest that adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in adulthood, may play a role in psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Medications and other treatments for mental disorders often promote the proliferation of new neurons; the time course for maturation and integration of new neurons in circuitry parallels the delayed efficacy of psychiatric therapies; adverse and beneficial experiences similarly affect development of mental illness and neurogenesis; and ablation of new neurons in adulthood alters the behavioral impact of drugs in animal models. At present, the links between adult neurogenesis and depression seem stronger than those suggesting a relationship between new neurons and anxiety or schizophrenia. Yet, even in the case of depression there is currently no direct evidence for a causative role. This article reviews the data relating adult neurogenesis to mental illness and discusses where research needs to head in the future.

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“…30 The mechanisms responsible for the impact of psychosocial distress on the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive treatment are complex and not fully understood. Increased and persistent sympathetic activity, increased BP reactivity and stimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis were associated with increased BP in individuals with hypertension and psychosocial distress 31,32 which might explain the reduced positive outcome for anti-hypertensive medication in patients with modestly controlled BP. Higher levels of psychosocial distress were likely to result in a decreased adherence to physician recommendations on medications and lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hypertensive Patients with General Health Questionnaire

Durat¹,

Keser²,

Yıldız³

2015

Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci

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A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Hypertension is still have high morbidity and mortality due to the difficulty in management. In this study we tried to evaluate the sociodemographic variables and psychological status of hypertensive patients. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : 111 patients with the diagnosis of essential hypertension included in the study. A meeting questionnaire with 31 questions for evaluating sociodemographic variables, comorbid diseases, duration of hypertension, risk factors and level of phsical activity was used in the study. General health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) for evaluating the psychological status was applied to each patient. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : 61% of the patients was in the age gorup of 41-60 years, most of the patients were female (65%), housewife (50%), married (94%), belonged to nuclear family (69%) and never consumed alcohol (88%). Complete or incomplete elementary education level was most prevalent occuring 56%. Majority of the patients were under medical treatment (93%), 45% of the patients was involved in physical activity, 59% of them had stressful life events. Average GHQ-28 item score was 6.6±6.2. GHQ-28 score was significantly higher in the females and patients who had stressful life events (7.7±6.2 p=0.01 and 8.3±6.5 p<0.001 respectively). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : One of the factor that should be included in hypertension management is psychological status of the patients. The use of GHQ-28 in this study suggested that this instrument may be used in the hypertension clinics.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Hypertension; demography Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Hipertansiyon kontrol altına alınabilmesi hala oldukça güç olması sebebiyle toplumda yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmamız hipertansif hastaların sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin ve ruhsal durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya hipertansiyon tanısı almıs 111 hasta alınmıştır. Hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri, eşlik eden hastalıkları, mevcut risk faktörleri, hipertansiyon süresi ve fiziksel aktivite dü-zeylerini belirlemek amacıyla 31 soruluk Görüşme Formu ile birlikte ruhsal durum değerlendir-mesi amacıyla da Genel Sağlık Anketi-28 (GSA-28) kullanılmıştır. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Araştırmamıza katılan hastaların %61'i 41-60 yaş aralığında, çoğunluğu kadın (%65), evhanımı (%50), evli (%94), çekir-dek aileye mensup (%69) ve hayatında hiç alkol kullanmamış (%88) idi. Hastaların çoğunluğunun eğitim düzeyi ilkokul seviyesinde (%56) ve %93'ü medikal tedavi altında idi. %45'i egzersiz yaptığını ifade etti. Hastaların %59'u psikolojik durumlarını etkileyebilecek olumsuz bir durum ile karşılaştıklarını belirtti. Hastaların GSA-28 skoru ortalaması 6.6±6.2 olarak bulundu. GSA-28 puanı kadınlarda ve yaşamı etkileyen olumsuz durumu olan hastalarda anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (sırası ile, 7,7±6,2 p=0,01 ve 8,3±6,5 p<0,001). S So on nu uç ç: : Araştırmada hi...

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Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress

Cited by 237 publications

References 56 publications

Depressive Affect and Hospitalization Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Depressive Affect and Hospitalization Risk in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Adult Neurogenesis and Mental Illness

Evaluation of Hypertensive Patients with General Health Questionnaire

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