Clinical and developmental characteristics of cognitive subgroups in a transdiagnostic sample of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorder

Longitudinal course of inflammatory-cognitive subgroups across first treatment severe mental illness and healthy controls

“…Similar to findings on cognitive subgroups (Bora et al, 2023;Cowman et al, 2021;Lewandowski, 2020;Wenzel et al, 2023Wenzel et al, , 2021, the higher-inflammation subtype is associated with more adverse neurobiological and clinical outcomes, and is associated with lower cognitive functioning (Boerrigter et al, 2017;Fillman et al, 2016;Lizano et al, 2023Lizano et al, , 2020Millett et al, 2021;Nettis et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2022). A common observation is that a larger proportion of individuals with SMI compared to control participants, belong to a higherinflammation subtype (Boerrigter et al, 2017;Fillman et al, 2016;Lizano et al, 2020).…”

“…While highly prevalent, there is considerable heterogeneity in cognitive symptoms, ranging from mild to severe (Catalan et al, 2024; Haatveit et al, 2023; Lee et al, 2024; Van Rheenen et al, 2017; Wenzel et al, 2023). Numerous studies have identified transdiagnostic cognitive subgroups that are associated with different neurobiological characteristics, as well as clinical- and functional outcomes (Bora et al, 2023; Cowman et al, 2021; Lewandowski, 2020; Vaskinn et al, 2020; Wenzel et al, 2021). For instance, cognitive subgroups with severe impairment typically have more symptoms and lower functioning (Miskowiak et al, 2023; Vaskinn et al, 2020), brain abnormalities as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (de Zwarte et al, 2020; Wenzel et al, 2023, 2021; Wolfers et al, 2018; Woodward and Heckers, 2015), and higher levels of systemic inflammation (Pan et al, 2020, Watson et al, 2023).…”