“…Moreover, the present study demonstrated that the serum prolactin levels of infertile women with endometriosis stages III/IV were significantly higher than the levels seen in infertile women without endometriosis. This finding is supported by prior studies (Barbosa et al ., 2014; Lima et al ., 2006; Gregoriou et al ., 1999; Cunha-Filho et al ., 2001). By investigating a larger series of patients when compared to the previous study, we also found a cutoff value that increases the chance of telling individuals with endometriosis from controls (PRL >17.5ng/mL).…”
Objective:
The relation between excessive prolactin and endometriosis-related
infertility is debatable. Anovulation or defective luteal phase occurs
frequently due to hyperprolactinemia in subfertile women. In this
investigation, we evaluated the association between serum prolactin levels
and the severity of endometriosis.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study carried out at the Babol Infertility Research
Center looked into the baseline serum prolactin levels of 114 infertile
women with endometriosis and compared them to the levels seen in 101
infertile women without endometriosis (controls). Statistical analysis
included independent t-test, chi-square, Welch test and ROC curve analysis.
Results:
Infertile women with endometriosis had significantly higher serum prolactin
levels than infertile women without endometriosis
(
p
=0.003). A significant difference was detected between
controls and individuals with endometriosis stages III/IV
(
p
-value=0.009). Prolactin was found to have diagnostic
value to detect endometriosis stages III/IV vs. stages I/II in AUC=0.65, 95%
CI (0.55, 0.76). Prolactin values with a cut off set at 20.08 ng/mL had a
sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.54 in detecting disease stages
III/IV vs. I/II. The prognostic capability of prolactin in detecting
endometriosis in cases vs. controls by ROC curve analysis had an AUC=+0.67,
95% CI (0.60, 0.74). Prolactin values with a cut off set at 17.5 ng/mL had a
sensitivity of 0.64 and specificity of 0.63 in segregating subjects with and
without endometriosis.
Conclusion:
Higher prolactin levels were observed in infertile women with more severe
endometriosis when compared to infertile women without endometriosis.
Prolactin levels act as a probable prognostic biomarker to detect
endometriosis stages III/IV vs. I/II and segregate infertile women with
endometriosis from subjects without endometriosis.
“…Moreover, the present study demonstrated that the serum prolactin levels of infertile women with endometriosis stages III/IV were significantly higher than the levels seen in infertile women without endometriosis. This finding is supported by prior studies (Barbosa et al ., 2014; Lima et al ., 2006; Gregoriou et al ., 1999; Cunha-Filho et al ., 2001). By investigating a larger series of patients when compared to the previous study, we also found a cutoff value that increases the chance of telling individuals with endometriosis from controls (PRL >17.5ng/mL).…”
Objective:
The relation between excessive prolactin and endometriosis-related
infertility is debatable. Anovulation or defective luteal phase occurs
frequently due to hyperprolactinemia in subfertile women. In this
investigation, we evaluated the association between serum prolactin levels
and the severity of endometriosis.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study carried out at the Babol Infertility Research
Center looked into the baseline serum prolactin levels of 114 infertile
women with endometriosis and compared them to the levels seen in 101
infertile women without endometriosis (controls). Statistical analysis
included independent t-test, chi-square, Welch test and ROC curve analysis.
Results:
Infertile women with endometriosis had significantly higher serum prolactin
levels than infertile women without endometriosis
(
p
=0.003). A significant difference was detected between
controls and individuals with endometriosis stages III/IV
(
p
-value=0.009). Prolactin was found to have diagnostic
value to detect endometriosis stages III/IV vs. stages I/II in AUC=0.65, 95%
CI (0.55, 0.76). Prolactin values with a cut off set at 20.08 ng/mL had a
sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.54 in detecting disease stages
III/IV vs. I/II. The prognostic capability of prolactin in detecting
endometriosis in cases vs. controls by ROC curve analysis had an AUC=+0.67,
95% CI (0.60, 0.74). Prolactin values with a cut off set at 17.5 ng/mL had a
sensitivity of 0.64 and specificity of 0.63 in segregating subjects with and
without endometriosis.
Conclusion:
Higher prolactin levels were observed in infertile women with more severe
endometriosis when compared to infertile women without endometriosis.
Prolactin levels act as a probable prognostic biomarker to detect
endometriosis stages III/IV vs. I/II and segregate infertile women with
endometriosis from subjects without endometriosis.
“…The study selection process is shown in Figure 1 . Overall we found 16 overview/commentary publications [ 2 , 9 , 14 - 27 ], 33 original research articles [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 28 - 53 ], two meta-analysis [ 54 , 55 ] and 2 systematic reviews [ 56 , 57 ]. Figure 1 Study selection process.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Included dysmenorrhea (during and at the end of menstruation) [ 2 , 7 - 9 , 15 - 17 , 19 - 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 - 37 , 42 , 53 , 54 ], pelvic pain before and during menstruation [ 2 , 7 , 14 , 16 - 18 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 33 , 34 ], and pain during sexual intercourse or after sex (dyspareunia) [ 2 , 7 - 9 , 11 , 15 - 17 , 19 - 25 ]. Dyspareunia was occurred only with deep thrusting [ 23 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Cavaggioni et al [ 47 ] 2014 Case- control 80 Symptoms: M ood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive malfunction, depression, alexithymia. Heitmann et al [ 51 ] 2014 Retrospective cohort study 80 Symptom: Premenstrual spotting of ≥ _2 days Walch et al [ 52 ] 2014 Prospective, controlled clinical trial 102 Symptom: Cyclic leg pain Barbosa et al [ 53 ] 2014 Cross sectional 387 Symptom: Dysmenorrhea was the only clinical symptom …”
BackgroundAccurate and timely diagnosis of endometriosis is associated with confusion. Clinical manifestations, imaging techniques, biomarkers and surgical techniques are used as diagnostic approaches. This paper reviews current evidence on clinical manifestation in order to help practitioners and perhaps improve women’s health.MethodsA review of the literature on clinical diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis that appeared in the English language biomedical journals was performed using PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The search strategy included the combination of key words ‘endometriosis’ and ‘diagnosis’ or ‘clinical diagnosis’ in the titles or abstracts of articles. The search included all papers published during the year 2000 to 2014. Then, the findings were classified in order to summarize the evidence.ResultsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, in all 51 papers were found relevant and included in this review. In general we found three categories of diagnostic approaches for clinical manifestation including: i) diagnosis via symptoms obtained from history taking, ii) diagnosis via signs obtained from physical examination and iii) diagnosis via risk factors obtained from history taking.ConclusionDiagnosis of endometriosis is a matter of concern. Since the disease is associated with diverse clinical symptoms and signs, deeper and more comprehensive consideration according to patient’s history and clinical findings is recommended for early and more accurate detection in order to prioritize women for further investigation and contribute to its early management.
“…Although a number of women presenting endometriosis may be asymptomatic, often patients manifest severe dysmenorrhea , non‐cyclical chronic pelvic pain, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, deep dyspareunia , urinary tract symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as painful defecation . Infertility is also a prevalent clinical manifestation in up to 40% of women presenting endometriosis .…”
Section: Endometriosis Definition and Clinical Aspectsmentioning
Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease affecting up to 10% of the women and a major cause of pain and infertility. It is characterized by the implantation of functional endometrial tissue at ectopic positions generally within the peritoneum. This complex disease has an important genetic component with a heritability estimated at around 50%. This review aims at providing recent insights into the genetic bases of endometriosis, and presents a detailed overview of evidence of epigenetic alterations specific to this disease. In the future, these alterations may constitute therapeutic targets for pharmacological compounds able to modify the epigenetic code.
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