Clinical and epidemiologic features of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats compiled through national surveillance in the United States

Liew, Amanda; Carpenter, Ann; Moore, Taylor A.; Wallace, Ryan M.; Hamer, Sarah A.; Hamer, Gabriel L.; Fischer, R.; Zecca, Italo B.; Davila, Edward; Auckland, Lisa D.; Rooney, Jane; Killian, Mary Lea; Tell, Rachel; Rekant, Steven I.; Burrell, Sierra D.; Ghai, Ria R.; Behravesh, Casey Barton

doi:10.2460/javma.22.08.0375

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The animals were in contact with at least one person who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. These results confirmed that dog owners are the most frequent sources of infection, as previously reported by others [ 37 ]. However, this is not the first report of dog infection in Mexico because SENASICA previously reported another case to the OMSA [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico

Dehesa-Canseco,

Pastrana-Unzueta,

Carrillo-Guzmán

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects humans; however, it is important to monitor the infection of companion and wild animals as possible reservoirs of this virus. In this sense, seroprevalence studies in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, provide important information about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the ancestral strain and the Omicron BA.1 subvariant in dogs and cats in Mexico. Six hundred and two samples were obtained from dogs (n = 574) and cats (n = 28). These samples were collected from the end of 2020 to December 2021 from different regions of Mexico. The presence of nAbs was evaluated using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The results showed that 14.2% of cats and 1.5% of dogs presented nAbs against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of nAbs against Omicron BA.1 in cats showed the same percentage of positive animals but a reduced titer. In dogs, 1.2% showed nAbs against Omicron BA.1. These results indicate that nAbs were more frequent in cats than in dogs and that these nAbs have a lower capacity to neutralize the subvariant Omicron BA.1.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico

Dehesa-Canseco,

Pastrana-Unzueta,

Carrillo-Guzmán

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…Many of the seropositive animals identified by our serosurveillance [ 19 ] showed no clinical signs, mild clinical signs or had signs likely unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of sampling. This finding was consistent with numerous reports of mild or subclinical feline infections [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Additionally, seropositive animals might have experienced historical infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Numerous experimental [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 20 ] and natural [ 11 , 21 , 22 ] infections of domestic cats have been reported as subclinical or very mild. However, one study reported that 50% (n = 55) of infected cats showed clinical signs, with sneezing and lethargy being the most noted [ 23 ], and another reported respiratory and/or gastrointestinal signs in four of twelve cats infected with the Delta variant [ 24 ]. Additionally, a cat became severely ill when infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, showing mainly respiratory signs [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic UK Cats from Alpha to Omicron: Swab Surveillance and Case Reports

Jones,

Tyson,

Orton

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Although domestic cats are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the role of the virus in causing feline disease is less well defined. We conducted a large-scale study to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections in UK pet cats, using active and passive surveillance. Remnant feline respiratory swab samples, submitted for other pathogen testing between May 2021 and February 2023, were screened using RT-qPCR. In addition, we appealed to veterinarians for swab samples from cats suspected of having clinical SARS-CoV-2 infections. Bespoke testing for SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies was also performed, on request, in suspected cases. One RT-qPCR-positive cat was identified by active surveillance (1/549, 0.18%), during the Delta wave (1/175, 0.57%). Passive surveillance detected one cat infected with the Alpha variant, and two of ten cats tested RT-qPCR-positive during the Delta wave. No cats tested RT-qPCR-positive after the emergence of Omicron BA.1 and its descendants although 374 were tested by active and eleven by passive surveillance. We describe four cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pet cats, identified by RT-qPCR and/or serology, that presented with a range of clinical signs, as well as their SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. These cases demonstrate that, although uncommon in cats, a variety of clinical signs can occur.

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“…Regarding a biological perspective, a more robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated to be present in cats compared to dogs, and the risk of infection in pets is associated with the burden of human disease in their environment [ 54 ]. In addition, in America and Europe, cats and dogs respond differently to SARS-CoV-2 on their immune systems [ 31 , 55 ]. Compared to dogs, cats have demonstrated a greater seroprevalence and higher titers of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a stronger immunological response [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in America and Europe, cats and dogs respond differently to SARS-CoV-2 on their immune systems [ 31 , 55 ]. Compared to dogs, cats have demonstrated a greater seroprevalence and higher titers of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a stronger immunological response [ 55 ]. Dogs, on the other hand, had a milder course of infection than cats because they showed differences in the results of the ELISA and serum neutralization test, which may have been caused by cross-reactions with other animal coronaviruses [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Risk Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence between Cats and Dogs in America and Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Silva,

Santana,

Lima

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The COVID-19 pandemic represented a huge obstacle for public health and demonstrated weaknesses in surveillance and health promotion systems around the world. Its etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, of zoonotic origin, has been the target of several studies related to the control and prevention of outbreaks and epidemics of COVID-19 not only for humans but also for animals. Domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, have extensive contact with humans and can acquire the infection both naturally and directly from humans. The objective of this article was to summarize the seroprevalence findings of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats and correlate them with the strength of infection risk between each of them. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the recommendations of PRISMA 2020. The search and selection of papers was carried out using in vivo experimental works with animals using the descriptors (MeSH/DeCS) “Animal”, “Public Health”, “SARS-CoV-2” and “Pandemic” (together with AND) in English, Portuguese or Spanish for Science Direct, PUBMED, LILACS and SciELO databases. The ARRIVE checklist was used for methodological evaluation and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2.2 software with the Difference Risk (RD) test to evaluate statistical inferences (with subgroups by continent). Cats showed greater susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 compared to dogs both in a joint analysis of studies (RD = 0.017; 95% CI = 0.008–0.025; p < 0.0001) and in the American subgroup (RD = 0.053; 95% CI = 0.032–0.073; p < 0.0001), unlike the lack of significant difference on the European continent (RD = 0.009; 95% CI = −0.001–0.018; p = 0.066). Therefore, it was observed that cats have a greater interest in health surveillance due to the set of biological and ecological aspects of these animals, but also that there are a set of factors that can influence the spread and possible spillover events of the virus thanks to the anthropozoonotic context.

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Clinical and epidemiologic features of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats compiled through national surveillance in the United States

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico

Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico

SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic UK Cats from Alpha to Omicron: Swab Surveillance and Case Reports

Assessment of the Risk Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence between Cats and Dogs in America and Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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