Clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in northwestern-Argentina through a retrospective analysis of recent cases

Bustos, María Fernanda García; González-Prieto, Gabriela; Ramos, Federico; Mora, María C.; Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa; Parodi, Cecilia; Basombrío, Miguel Á.; Moreno, Sergio Ruiz; Monroig, Sibila; Beckar, Josefina; Jaime, Daniela; Sajama, Jesús; Yeo, Matthew; Marco, Jorge Diego; Locatelli, Fabricio M.; Barrio, Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.008

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, a high frequency of American cuta‐neous leishmaniasis was shown in young age groups and cases clustered in urban neighborhoods of Manaus, the largest human settlement in the Amazon . A similar phenomena is observed in Argentina with over 50% of the cases reported from the Departments of Orán and San Martín (Salta Province), where the disease has reached hyperendemic proportions . In these regions, the overall number of cases of ACL affecting children annually in the last 6 years has reached 6–12% among all reported cases, with most of the cases being localized forms (96%) and 4% presenting as mucocutaneous as per information of the regional sanitary office of the Province of Salta.…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Even though this form of leishmaniasis has traditionally been attributed to infection with Leishmania braziliensis , it is now known that other species of the Viannia subgenus such as L. panamensis, L. guyanensis, and L. peruviana , may also cause mucosal involvement . As a result of its insidious nature, it is usually seen more commonly in adults than in children, although pediatric cases have been well documented …”

Section: Clinical and Diagnostic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 A similar phenomena is observed in Argentina with over 50% of the cases reported from the Departments of Or an and San Mart ın (Salta Province), where the disease has reached hyperendemic proportions. 19 In these regions, the overall number of cases of ACL affecting children annually in the last 6 years has reached 6-12% among all reported cases, with most of the cases being localized forms (96%) and 4% presenting as mucocutaneous as per information of the regional sanitary office of the Province of Salta. Stereotypically, hyperendemic foci of ACL are also a common feature in certain areas of Venezuela such as in the states of Lara, Portuguesa, Yaracuy, Tachira, and Miranda, with 16% of the cases occurring in children ages 0 through 10 (Instituto de Biomedicina, unpublished data).…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…72 As a result of its insidious nature, it is usually seen more commonly in adults than in children, although pediatric cases have been well documented. 18,19 Recently, experimental data has suggested that the strong hyperinflammatory response observed in MCL is due to a high burden of a non-segmented dsRNA virus Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV) in metastasizing strains, which in turn exacerbate the inflammatory response of the host. 73 Lesions can occur in any area of the respiratory system: nasal, buccal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal.…”

Section: Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

et al. 2017

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Infant and young child skin diseases are among the most common features of morbidity throughout the tropics. Because the skin is directly exposed to the environment, it is considerably affected by climatic and local conditions such as vectors and microorganisms, as in the case of leishmaniasis. In America the observed magnitude of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children has led to the study of increased risk of exposure of this group due to the possibility of peri- and intradomiciliary transmission. The present review pretends to make a concrete approach all through the broad and main figures of this parasitic disease, including the clinical, physiopathological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, in order to be used as a practical source of reference for pediatricians leading with tropical cutaneous pathology in the region.

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Section: Epidemiological Aspectssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Clinical and Diagnostic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

et al. 2017

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“…Six additional studies confirmed, based on specific serological and molecular techniques, that T . cruzi coinfection is frequent in TL patients from Salta in northern Argentina [ 31 , 34 – 37 , 43 ], where the seroprevalence of T . cruzi in rural populations is estimated to range between 4% and 30% [ 31 , 91 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tegumentary leishmaniasis and coinfections other than HIV

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a disease of skin and/or mucosal tissues caused by Leishmania parasites. TL patients may concurrently carry other pathogens, which may influence the clinical outcome of TL.Methodology and principal findingsThis review focuses on the frequency of TL coinfections in human populations, interactions between Leishmania and other pathogens in animal models and human subjects, and implications of TL coinfections for clinical practice. For the purpose of this review, TL is defined as all forms of cutaneous (localised, disseminated, or diffuse) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, superinfection with skin bacteria, and skin manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are not included. We searched MEDLINE and other databases and included 73 records: 21 experimental studies in animals and 52 studies about human subjects (mainly cross-sectional and case studies). Several reports describe the frequency of Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection in TL patients in Argentina (about 41%) and the frequency of helminthiasis in TL patients in Brazil (15% to 88%). Different hypotheses have been explored about mechanisms of interaction between different microorganisms, but no clear answers emerge. Such interactions may involve innate immunity coupled with regulatory networks that affect quality and quantity of acquired immune responses. Diagnostic problems may occur when concurrent infections cause similar lesions (e.g., TL and leprosy), when different pathogens are present in the same lesions (e.g., Leishmania and Sporothrix schenckii), or when similarities between phylogenetically close pathogens affect accuracy of diagnostic tests (e.g., serology for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease). Some coinfections (e.g., helminthiasis) appear to reduce the effectiveness of antileishmanial treatment, and drug combinations may cause cumulative adverse effects.Conclusions and significanceIn patients with TL, coinfection is frequent, it can lead to diagnostic errors and delays, and it can influence the effectiveness and safety of treatment. More research is needed to unravel how coinfections interfere with the pathogenesis of TL.

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Severe mucosal leishmaniasis with torpid and fatal evolution

Rojas‐Jaimes

2022

Clinical Case Reports

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Mucosal leishmaniasis is a clinical condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat and usually precedes a cutaneous leishmaniasis condition with a long latency period as observed in our study of a patient who experienced a torpid evolution in 9 months, caused by having had cutaneous leishmaniasis on the neck without therapeutic treatment, although with ulcer closure 18 years earlier, incomplete treatment with antimonials and amphotericin B, with the destruction of the eyeball, a large area of necrosis on the face and nasal bone exposure. Additionally, the patient had chronic anemia (9.4 g/dl), lymphopenia and neutrophilia (lymphocytes 13.1%, neutrophils 84.4%), and co‐infections by fungi (yeasts and hyphae) and Gram‐negative bacteria (multidrug‐resistant Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli ) leading to sepsis and subsequent death of the patient.

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Clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in northwestern-Argentina through a retrospective analysis of recent cases

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

Tegumentary leishmaniasis and coinfections other than HIV

Severe mucosal leishmaniasis with torpid and fatal evolution

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