Clinical and immunological features of COVID-19 at different stages of the course of the disease

Abstract

A retrospective analysis of clinical and immunological manifestations of COVID-19 was performed in 419 patients (women n=167 (39.8 %) men n= 252 (60.2 %)) aged 20 to 80 years. Mild stage I (early infection) in patients was mainly manifested by symptoms characteristic of other acute respiratory infections. Distinctive features were the loss (distortion) of smell and taste. The clinical manifestations of stage II (pulmonary) were determined by lung damage in the form of pneumonitis. Stage III (hyperinflammatory response) it was characterized by severe lung damage, involvement of other organs in the pathological process as a consequence of a hyperimmune reaction. The determination of cellular and humoral immunity indicators reflected the severity of damage to the body's immune system, and, accordingly, the severity of the course of coronavirus infection. The variety of clinical manifestations and examination results confirms that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with a multi-organ lesion that requires in-depth study of its clinical and immunological features.