Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late‐onset and early‐onset posterior cortical atrophy

Isella, Valeria; Licciardo, Daniele; Nastasi, Giulia; Impagnatiello, Valentina; Ferri, Francesca; Mapelli, Cristina; Crivellaro, Cinzia; Musarra, Monica; Morzenti, Sabrina; Appollonio, Ildebrando; Ferrarese, Carlo

doi:10.1111/ene.15520

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Clinically, these patients have less ideomotor apraxia, absence of parkinsonism, and a milder degree overall symptom severity, including fewer neuropsychiatric features compared to the more documented phenotypes. Finally, a recent study also suggest that disease presentation might vary according to age of onset in PCA, with more involvement of temporal regions in late-onset cases and more involvement of parietal regions in early-onset cases, as observed on FDG-PET [21].…”

Section: Posterior Cortical Atrophymentioning

confidence: 80%

Atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease: patients not to forget

Montembeault

Migliaccio

2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of review The aim of this paper is to summarize the latest work on neuroimaging in atypical Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to emphasize innovative aspects in the clinic and research. The paper will mostly cover language (logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia; lvPPA), visual (posterior cortical atrophy; PCA), behavioral (bvAD) and dysexecutive (dAD) variants of AD. Recent findings MRI and PET can detect and differentiate typical and atypical AD variants, and novel imaging markers like brain iron deposition, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cortical mean diffusivity, and brain total creatine can also contribute. Together, these approaches have helped to characterize variant-specific distinct imaging profiles. Even within each variant, various subtypes that capture the heterogeneity of cases have been revealed. Finally, in-vivo pathology markers have led to significant advances in the atypical AD neuroimaging field. Summary Overall, the recent neuroimaging literature on atypical AD variants contribute to increase knowledge of these lesser-known AD variants and are key to generate atypical variant-specific clinical trial endpoints, which are required for inclusion of these patients in clinical trials assessing treatments. In return, studying these patients can inform the neurobiology of various cognitive functions, such as language, executive, memory, and visuospatial abilities.

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Section: Posterior Cortical Atrophymentioning

confidence: 80%

Atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease: patients not to forget

Montembeault

Migliaccio

2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late‐onset and early‐onset posterior cortical atrophy

Isella

Licciardo

Nastasi

et al. 2022

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose: Late-onset (LO) and early-onset (EO) dementia show neurobiological and clinical differences. Clinical and 18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) features of LO and EO posterior cortical atrophy (LO_PCA, EO_ PCA), the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were compared. LO_PCA patients were also compared with a group of patients with LO typical AD (tAD).Methods: Thirty-seven LO_PCA patients (onset age ≥ 65 years), 29 EO_PCA patients and 40 tAD patients who all underwent a standard neuropsychological battery were recruited; PCA patients were also assessed for the presence of posterior signs and symptoms. Brain FDG-PET was available in 32 LO_PCA cases, 23 EO_PCA cases and all tAD cases, and their scans were compared with scans from 30 healthy elderly controls. Within the entire PCA sample FDG uptake was also correlated with age at onset as a continuous variable. Results:The main difference between the two PCA groups was a higher prevalence of Bálint-Holmes symptoms in EO cases, which was associated with the presence of severe bilateral occipito-temporo-parietal hypometabolism, whilst LO_PCA patients showed reduction of FDG uptake mainly in the right posterior regions. The latter group also showed mesial temporal hypometabolism, similarly to the tAD group, although with a right rather than left lateralization. Correlation analysis confirmed the association between older age and decreased limbic metabolism and between younger age and decreased left parietal metabolism. Conclusions:The major involvement of the temporal cortex in LO cases and of the parietal cortex in EO cases reported previously within the AD spectrum holds true also for the visual variant of AD.

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Xanthohumol Protects Against Neuronal Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in APP/PS1 Mice: An Omics-Based Study

Hu,

Pan,

Chu

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: Neuronal excitotoxicity and metabolic decline, which begin in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), pose challenges for effective amelioration. Our previous work suggested that the natural compound xanthohumol, the most abundant prenylated flavonoid in hops, prevents memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: This study utilized APP/PS1 mice and cutting-edge omics techniques to investigate the effects of xanthohumol on hippocampal proteome, serum metabolome, and microbiome. Results: Our findings revealed that xanthohumol reduces the postsynaptic overexpression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, but enhances ATP synthesis and mitophagy in the young AD hippocampus. Further mechanistic analyses suggested systemic regulatory effects, particularly on the decreasing glutamate synthesis in the blood and intestines of AD mice following xanthohumol administration. Conclusions: These results underscore the potential of xanthohumol in mitigating AD pathology through multifaceted mechanisms, sparking interest and curiosity in its preventive and therapeutic potential in AD.

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Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late‐onset and early‐onset posterior cortical atrophy

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease: patients not to forget

Atypical forms of Alzheimer's disease: patients not to forget

Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late‐onset and early‐onset posterior cortical atrophy

Xanthohumol Protects Against Neuronal Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in APP/PS1 Mice: An Omics-Based Study

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