Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis

Abstract

Introduction: Candidiasis or oral candidiasis is the most frequent mucocutaneous mycosis of the oral cavity. It is produced by the genus Candida, which is found in the oral cavity of 53% of the general population as a common commensal organism. One hundred and fifty species have been isolated in the oral cavity, and 80% of the isolates correspond to Candida albicans, which can colonize the oral cavity alone or in combination with other species. Transformation from commensal organism to pathogen depends on the intervention of different predisposing factors that modify the microenvironment of the oral cavity and favor the appearance of opportunistic infection. The present study offers a literature review on the diagnosis of oral candidiasis, with the purpose of establishing when complementary microbiological techniques for the diagnosis of oral candidiasis should be used, and which techniques are most commonly employed in routine clinical practice in order to establish a definitive diagnosis. Materials and methods: A Medline-PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane search was made covering the last 10 years. Results: The diagnosis of oral candidiasis is fundamentally clinical. Microbiological techniques are used when the clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed, for establishing a differential diagnosis with other diseases, and in cases characterized by resistance to antifungal drugs. Biopsies in turn are indicated in patients with hyperplastic candidiasis. Staining (10% KOH) and culture (Sabouraud dextrose agar) are the methods most commonly used for diagnosing primary candidiasis. Identification of the individual species of Candida is usually carried out with CHROMagar Candida®. For the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, and in cases requiring differentiation between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, use is made of immunological and genetic techniques such as ELISA and PCR. Key words:Clinical, oral candidiasis, microbiology.

Development of tunable biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates microspheres for controlled delivery of tetracycline for treating periodontal disease

“…The cultures were incubated at 378C for 3 days and the reduction in bacterial count overtime (every 2 h) was determined using a colony counting assay on blood agar plates. 58 The antibacterial activity of TC-loaded microspheres, free TC with equivalent mass added (positive control), and unloaded microspheres (negative control) were plotted a on a log CFU/mL scale where comparisons were made on the percent reduction of log CFU/mL with respect to non-treated control.…”

Perception of iron deficiency from oral mucosa alterations that show a high prevalence of Candida infection

“…It is usually not necessary to perform a biopsy except candida leukoplakia. 22 The response to antifungals indicates that oral candidosis is the etiology. Microbiological studies are required when there are diagnostic doubts, resistance to antifungal drugs, or when the antifungal drug dosage needs adjustment, as in immune deficient patients.…”

“…However, the detection of Candida in the oral cavity is not indicative of infection, since it is a common commensal organism in the mouth. 22 All patients underwent hematological investigations consisting of complete blood counts. The report of automated blood counts included Hb, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red cells distribution width (RDW) measured as standard deviation.…”

Gambaran eGFR Menurut CKD-EPI pada Penderita Thalassemia Mayor di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

“…Infeksi rongga mulut yang disebabkan oleh C. albicans disebut kandidiasis. 1,2 Pengobatan kandidiasis pada rongga mulut biasanya mempergunakan obat antijamur topikal, di antaranya nistatin. Mekanisme kerja nistatin melalui pengikatan sterol pada membran sel jamur.…”