Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Radiation Cataract

Cogan, David G.; Donaldson, David I.; Reese, Algernon B.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.01700030058006

Cited by 167 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Examinations using a wide-field specular microscope (Keeler-Konan, Tokyo) were conducted before and 1,4,8,12,16,20,24, and 36 weeks afterwards. A drop of sodium hyaluronate was instilled on the cone of the microscope to obtain clear observations of the epithelial and endothelial cells.…”

Section: Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods Five healthy mature albino rabbits were unilaterally irradiated with 20 Gy of X-rays (250 kV, 12 mA). Slit-lamp biomicroscopic observation and specular microscopic examination of the corneal epithelium and endothelium were carried out before and 1, 4,8,12,16,20,24, and 36 weeks after irradiation. We evaluated mean area of the superficial corneal epithelial cells, mean area and the percentage of hexagonal cells of the corneal endothelial cells, and corneal thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Cataract is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy, 4 and many clinical and experimental studies are available on radiation-induced cataract. [5][6][7][8] Optic neuropathy 9 and chorioretinopathy 10 related to radiation exposure have also been studied clinically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specular microscopic study of X-ray-irradiated rabbit cornea

Kiuchi

Tatsuzaki

Hommura

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the influence of ionizing radiation on the corneal epithelium and endothelium of rabbit eyes. Methods Five healthy mature albino rabbits were unilaterally irradiated with 20 Gy of X-rays (250 kV, 12 mA). Slit-lamp biomicroscopic observation and specular microscopic examination of the corneal epithelium and endothelium were carried out before and 1, 4,8,12,16,20,24, and 36 weeks after irradiation. We evaluated mean area of the superficial corneal epithelial cells, mean area and the percentage of hexagonal cells of the corneal endothelial cells, and corneal thickness. The statistical difference between the irradiated and control eyes was assessed using paired t-test. Results All animals developed cataract within 24 weeks. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed no apparent corneal abnormalities over the 36-week follow-up period. Specular microscopy revealed a significant enlargement of the superficial corneal epithelial cells from 4 to 12 weeks after irradiation (Po0.01), which disappeared at 16 weeks post-irradiation. Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium showed enlargement and morphological alterations of the cells beginning 8 weeks after irradiation (Po0.05). These changes persisted throughout the study period. There were no statistically significant changes in corneal thickness. Conclusion After X-ray radiation of 20 Gy, transient damage occurred in the corneal epithelium, while delayed and irreversible changes were seen in the endothelium.

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Section: Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specular microscopic study of X-ray-irradiated rabbit cornea

Kiuchi

Tatsuzaki

Hommura

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…Parents were classified in five exposure groups as shown in Table II and compared with regard to age, parity, economic status, consanguinity, prevalence of syphilis, previous induced abortion and degree of cooperation. The programme began in stages from 1948 and was closed in January 1954 because of the rapid reduction in the birth rate, when the only suggestive evidence of variation in the direction expected from genetic theory was the trend in the sex ratio (Neel et al, 1953;Neel and Schull, 1956 (Cogan et al, 1952) and mental retardation in children most proximally exposed in utero (Plummer, 1952), but the plan for repeated clinical examinations proved to be ill-conceived. By 1954, it was seeking to examine regularly some 5000 people, who had been exposed within 2000 m and had suffered symptoms attributable to irradiation, and a control group of men and women matched for sex and age, who had been exposed beyond 2500 m, and it was foundering in the face of negative findings and declining participation.…”

Section: Criteria For Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards of ionising radiation: 100 years of observations on man

Doll¹

1995

Br J Cancer

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Summary In November 1895, when Conrad Rontgen serendipitously discovered X-rays, epidemiology was effectively limited to the study of infectious disease. What little epidemiological work was done in other fields was done as part of clinical medicine or under the heading of geographical pathology. The risks from exposure to X-rays and subsequently from other types of ionising radiation were consequently discovered by qualitative association or animal experiment. They did not begin to be quantified in humans until half a century later, when epidemiology emerged as a scientific discipline capable of quantifying risks of non-infectious disease and the scientific world was alerted to the need for assessing the effects of the radiation to which large populations might be exposed by the use of nuclear energy in peace and war.

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“…Since its original description by Cogan et al') in 1949, many ophthalmologic reports of a clinical, histopathological, or statistical nature have been published [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. It is apparent from these studies, as well as others, that radiation-induced cataract is, in its early stages at least, a highly characteristic lesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Cataract

Ôtake

Schull

1991

JRR

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Opacities/Dose-response/RBE/Threshold/A-bomb Survivors This report reviews the relationship of ionizing radiation to the occurrence of cataracts (posterior lenticular opacities) among the A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The new DS86 doses are available for 1,983 (93.4%) of the 2,124 A-bomb survivors analyzed in 1982. The DS86 kerma neutron component for Hiroshima is much smaller than its comparable T65DR component, but still 4.2 fold higher (0.38 Gy at 6 Gy) than that in Nagasaki (0.09 Gy at 6 Gy). Thus, if the eye is especially sensitive to neutrons, there may yet be some useful information on their effects, particularly in Hiroshima. Under the best fitting dose-response model, an L(gamma)-L(neutron) with two thresholds, both the gamma and neutron regression coefficients of the occurrence of cataracts on dose are positive and highly significant for the DS86 eye organ doses. The DS86 gamma coefficient is almost the same as that associated wih the T65DR gamma dose, the ratio of the two coefficients being 1.1 (95% confidence limits: 0.5-2.3) for DS86 kerma in the individual dose data, and if the risks based on the DS86 eye organ dose and DS86 kerma are compared, the ratio is 1.3 (0.6-2.8). However, the risk estimates associated with neutron exposure are 6.4 (2.2-19.2) fold higher for the DS86 kerma than the T65DR kerma and 1.6 (0.5-2.3) fold higher for the DS86 eye organ dose than for the DS86 kerma.

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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Radiation Cataract

Cited by 167 publications

References 7 publications

Specular microscopic study of X-ray-irradiated rabbit cornea

Specular microscopic study of X-ray-irradiated rabbit cornea

Hazards of ionising radiation: 100 years of observations on man

Radiation Cataract

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