Clinical and Prognostic Categorization of Extraintestinal Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections in Infants and Children

Sirinavin, Sayomporn; Jayanetra, P; Thakkinstian, Ammarin

doi:10.1086/313469

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Underlying immunosuppression should be ruled out in patients presenting with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia in the absence of gastroenteritis [22]. A recent study of extra-intestinal non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in infants (< one year) and children up to 15 years of age showed that immunocompromised states resulting from therapy for malignancies, corticosteroid use, and severe malnutrition as a consequence of congenital heart disease or chronic pulmonary disease were associated with increased mortality rates [92].…”

Section: Enteric Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

2005

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-The immunocompromised are at particular risk for infection with zoonotic diseases. Persons can be temporarily immunocompromised due to pregnancy or developmental stage (i.e. infants); longer-term or permanent states of immunosuppression can occur as a result of immunosuppressive treatment following cancer or organ transplant, or from infectious diseases, such as AIDS. The focus of this review article is on emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases that are of particular concern among the immunocompromised. Factors that affect disease emergence can include factors such as human demographics and behavior; technology and industry; economic development and land use; international travel and commerce; microbial adaptation and change; and breakdown of public health measures. The immunocompromised need to take precautions when engaging in seemingly normal activities such as food preparation; caring for companion animals; and recreational or occupational activities. The immunocompromised are not only more susceptible to infection, but often suffer more serious sequelae as a result of infection. This review article provides an overview of the major foodborne, respiratory, and vector-borne bacterial pathogens that affect the immunocompromised. The major categories of immunodeficiency are described. In addition, measures that can be taken to prevent infection, including the role of health education, are discussed.

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Section: Enteric Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

2005

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“…Most cause uncomplicated gastroenteritis, and antimicrobial treatment is usually unnecessary (1). However, invasive infections requiring antibiotics occasionally occur in children, particularly in infants (30). In a previous study, we found that the incidence of bacteremia was 7.6% among pediatric patients with Salmonella-induced enterocolitis and an even higher 11.5% among infants of Ͻ3 months of age (20).…”

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confidence: 97%

Ceftriaxone Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates in Northern Taiwan Attributable to Production of CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 β-Lactamases

Huang

Liu

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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. Sixteen of these isolates belonged to Salmonella serogroup B, nine belonged to serogroup C, four belonged to serogroup D, and two belonged to serogroup E. The majority were from stool cultures. The mechanism of resistance was investigated for eight isolates, including three S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, one S. enterica serovar Wagenia, one S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, one S. enterica serovar Derby, one S. enterica serovar Panama, and one S. enterica serovar Duesseldorf isolate. All eight patients from whom these isolates were recovered had community-acquired infections. All eight isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime but susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone resistance was due to the production of the CMY-2 AmpC ␤-lactamase by seven isolates and the CTX-M-14 ␤-lactamase by the remaining isolate. Both ␤-lactamase genes were carried on conjugative plasmids. In a 2.5-kb region encompassing the bla CMY-2 gene, at nucleotide 49 upstream of the start codon of bla CMY-2 , three of the seven bla CMY-2 -positive isolates had an A nucleotide and four had a G nucleotide. In conclusion, the ceftriaxone resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates in our hospital was attributed to the CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 ␤-lactamases.

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“…The results reported by van der Velden et al indicate that ompR and a functional SPI-2-encoded type III protein secretion apparatus are required for delayed induction of apoptosis (32). The survival in phagocytes is an important step to induce septicemia in pigs, causing clinical signs similar to those in humans (16,31); therefore, this animal model may be used to study human salmonellosis. Salmonella is able to survive and replicate in phagocytic cells, and this is an essential component of the virulence of these bacteria (1).…”

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confidence: 98%

Interaction between Host Cells and Septicemic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Pigs

et al. 2009

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important pathogen in swine and is also a frequently reported zoonotic agent. The objective of this study was to characterize isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium associated with septicemia in swine and to compare them to isolates recovered from clinically healthy pigs. We were particularly interested in comparing the two groups of isolates for their ability to adhere to and invade host cells, to be phagocytized and survive in monocyte cells, to induce apoptosis, and to adhere to intestinal mucus. Their surface properties were also evaluated by interactions with solvents. The isolates recovered from diseased animals were shown to invade intestinal epithelial cell lines at a higher rate (P ‫؍‬ 0.003) than isolates from healthy pigs. Septicemic isolates were phagocytized by human monocytes at a higher rate than isolates from healthy pigs (P ‫؍‬ 0.009). The mean percentages of phagocytosis were significantly lower for human monocytes than for porcine monocytes (P ‫؍‬ 0.02 and P ‫؍‬ 0.008, respectively) for isolates from both diseased and healthy animals. Healthy animal isolates were phagocytized more by porcine monocytes at 15 min (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) than septicemic isolates. No difference between isolates from septicemic pigs and isolates from healthy pigs was detected for other tested parameters. These results suggest that septicemic isolates have a particular pattern of invasion.

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Clinical and Prognostic Categorization of Extraintestinal Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections in Infants and Children

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

Ceftriaxone Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates in Northern Taiwan Attributable to Production of CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 β-Lactamases

Interaction between Host Cells and Septicemic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Pigs

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