Clinical appearance of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis in children and the importance of good communication, information and education to patients: A case report

Abstract

Background: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of the Candida species, in particular, Candida albicans. The incidence varies depending on age and certain predisposing factors. In the practice of dentistry, doctor-patient communication is an important component. Effective communication between doctor and patient is needed to convey information and educate patients so that treatment can be administered appropriately. Purpose: This case aimed to discuss the clinical appearance of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis (APC) in children and the importance of good communication, information and education of patients. Case: A five-year-old male patient came with his mother on November 6, 2020 complaining of white deposits on the mucosa of the upper and lower lips that had been present for a week. Case management: The diagnosis was defined as a typical APC lesion although the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test showed negative results. Characteristic lesions found in APC are often seen clearly in some cases and treatment can begin immediately. Patients receive the empirical therapy, Nystatin oral suspension 100.000 i.u, and the patient is instructed to maintain optimal oral hygiene care, maintain nutrient intake and book a follow-up consultation. Conclusion: Mistakes in patient preparation procedures in taking supporting examinations will result in false negative/positive results, so communication and education information regarding the preparation of supporting examinations for patients is important to note.

Oral Candidiasis in Patients with Level CD4+ Below 50

“…23,22 The classification of anti-fungal therapy encompasses three distinct categories: The three classes of compounds discussed are polyenes, azoles, and pyrimidines. 1 Nystatin is classified as a polyene antifungal agent, which exerts its mechanism of action by selectively attaching to sterol structures present in the cell membranes of fungi, particularly ergosterol. 24 This binding event leads to a notable elevation in cell permeability, resulting in the leaking of intracellular molecules.…”

“…Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection primarily impacting the oral mucosa. 1 The predominant causative agent of these lesions is Candida albicans (C. albicans), a pathogenic organism derived from the normal commensal flora. 2 Candidiasis primarily impacts individuals who are in the vulnerable stages of life, including the very young, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised due to severe illness.…”

“…2 Candidiasis primarily impacts individuals who are in the vulnerable stages of life, including the very young, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised due to severe illness. 1 Oral candidiasis, a prevalent form of mucocutaneous candidiasis, is frequently observed in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on a global scale. 3 Approximately 90% of people who have HIV/AIDS have encountered oral candidiasis throughout their illness.…”

Management of Oral Thrush in an Infant with Cleft Lip and Palate (A Case Report)

“…Apart from that, it can be supported by supporting examinations by conducting swabs and mycological examinations to ensure the presence of Candida and identify its species. (Femilian et al, 2022) Management of cases of oral thrush is to administer antifungal drugs, such as: amphotericin, nystatin, and miconazole which have varied formulations and preparations. buccal, labial, and dorsum of the tongue and then swallowed.…”

“…Nystatin is a broad range of anti-Candida drugs. (Femilian et al, 2022) Nystatin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when applied orally. Therefore, topical application of nystatin is the most frequently used drug administration in dentistry.…”